基於O-spline濾波器之動態諧波相量估測

Abstract

隨著再生能源與電力電子設備在電力系統中的滲透率日益增加，系統內部所產生的非線性與動態行為使得諧波問題日益嚴重，對電能品質與設備安全構成挑戰。在此背景下，準確且即時的諧波參數量測（包含振幅、頻率與相位）成為智慧電網發展中不可或缺的技術之一。本研究應用源自離散泰勒傅立葉轉換（Discrete Taylor–Fourier Transform, DTFT）理論的 O-spline 濾波器，進行電力系統中動態諧波參數之估測。該濾波器具備良好的時間與頻率解析能力，特別適合處理頻率變動下的非穩態訊號，有助於提升動態條件下的分析準確度。 本研究基於 O-spline 濾波器設計諧波相量量測器架構，並透過 MATLAB 模擬進行效能驗證。模擬測試涵蓋穩態與動態情境：穩態部分包括頻率偏移與雜訊干擾，動態部分則包含振幅突變、相位突變與頻率緩變等變化條件。實驗結果顯示，所提出之架構能在各種測試條件下穩定輸出高準確度的相量估測結果，具備良好的雜訊抑制與動態追蹤能力，展現其應用於電力品質監測與未來智慧電網量測系統之潛力。

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and power electronic devices in modern power systems, the resulting nonlinear and dynamic behaviors have led to increasingly severe harmonic issues, posing significant challenges to power quality and equipment safety. Against this backdrop, accurate and real-time measurement of harmonic parameters—such as amplitude, frequency, and phase—has become an essential technology for the development of smart grids. This study applies O-spline filters, derived from the Discrete Taylor–Fourier Transform (DTFT) theory, to estimate dynamic harmonic parameters in power systems. These filters offer excellent resolution in both time and frequency domains, making them well-suited for analyzing nonstationary signals under frequency-varying conditions and improving estimation accuracy in dynamic scenarios. This study is based on the design of a harmonic phasor measurement architecture using O-spline filters. The system is evaluated through MATLAB simulations. The simulation scenarios cover both steady-state and dynamic conditions: steady-state scenarios include off-nominal fundamental frequency and noise interference, while dynamic scenarios include amplitude step change, phase step change, and frequency ramp.