台灣公私部門薪資差距之研究

Abstract

過去討論公私部門薪資差距，缺乏以長期資料來檢視其動態變化的研究，此外，對於薪資差距所可能造成影響的相關討論亦付之闕如。本文以1978~2010年人力運用調查資料，運用Oaxaca薪資分解與時間序列等計量方法，分析我國公私部門薪資差距的長期趨勢，及其與公部門報考率的可能關聯。研究發現，我國公私部門薪資差距長期呈現擴大趨勢，此發現與理論預期吻合；而時間序列分析顯示，公私部門薪資差距對高考報考率並無顯著影響，但失業率對高考報考率則呈現顯著正面影響。上述發現對於政府相關單位在人力資源的配置運用上，具有重要的啟發意涵。

Many researchers have interested in the public sector, and there is a great deal of general literature on estimating the wage premium for Taiwan's public sectors versus private sectors .There are few specific studies, however, on how the wage premium of public sectors changes over time and the possible correlation between the wage premium and the registration rate of the civil service examination. Data of Taiwan’s Manpower Utilization Surveys from 1978 to 2010 was used and two conclusions were found in this paper. First, the public sector wage premium was negative for Professional Workers during early 1980s; however, a positive wage premium had existed since the 1980s and sharply increased in recent years. Second, although we failed to find the possible correlation between the civil service examination registration rate and public sector wage premium, we found the registration rate was positive and significantly correlated with unemployment rates. These results are worth taking into consideration for future policies making by the government.