探討有機水稻的創新傳佈類型－以臺東關山鎮梓園有機農業促進區為例

Abstract

本研究以臺東縣關山鎮梓園有機農業促進區為研究區域，旨在探討農民從慣行農業轉型至有機水稻生產過程中的關鍵影響因素、所面臨的困境，以及創新傳佈理論在農民接受有機農法的適用性與限制。 透過對促進區內契作農戶之問卷調查與統計分析，本研究歸納出農民進行有機轉型的主要原因包含經濟誘因、健康與環保意識、政策輔導以及社會支持。然而，農民轉型後普遍面臨生產成本較高、人力需求增加、病蟲害與雜草管理困難，以及產量不穩定等問題，這些因素影響了農民持續投入有機耕作的意願。 此外，運用創新傳佈理論分析農民對有機農法的接受程度與決策過程，發現不同背景變相之農民在知識接受、創新採用及持續經營上呈現明顯差異。年齡、教育程度、經營規模等變項對轉作動機產生顯著影響，而性別因素的影響相對有限，中壯年、高教育程度、大規模經營的農民表現出最強的轉作動機和最高的認同度，而高齡農民雖具豐富經驗，但在轉型過程中面臨較多困境。 綜合研究結果，本研究建議政府在推廣有機農業時，應提供更完整的配套措施，包括降低生產成本之補助方案、強化有機耕作技術訓練、建立穩定市場通路，並針對不同階段的農民設計客製化輔導策略，以提升農民長期投入有機農業之意願，促進農業永續發展。

This study focuses on the Ziyuan Organic Agriculture Promotion Zone in Guanshan Township, Taitung County. It aims to explore the critical factors influencing farmers’ transition from conventional farming to organic rice production, the challenges encountered during this process, and the applicability and limitations of Innovation Diffusion Theory in farmers' acceptance of organic farming practices. Through questionnaire surveys and statistical analyses of contracted farmers within the promotion zone, this study identifies key motivations for transitioning to organic farming, including economic incentives, health and environmental awareness, policy support, and social encouragement. Nevertheless, farmers commonly face increased production costs, higher labor demands, difficulties managing pests and weeds, and unstable yields, all of which negatively impact their willingness to persist in organic cultivation. Furthermore, by applying Innovation Diffusion Theory to analyze farmers' acceptance and decision-making processes regarding organic farming, the study found significant differences based on farmers' backgrounds in terms of knowledge acquisition, innovation adoption, and continued practice. Variables such as age, education level, and farm scale notably influence the motivation for transition, while the effect of gender is relatively limited. Middle-aged, highly educated, and large-scale farmers showed the strongest motivations and highest acceptance rates for transitioning, whereas older farmers, despite their extensive experience, faced greater difficulties in adapting to organic practices. Based on these findings, this research recommends that government policies aimed at promoting organic agriculture should include comprehensive supporting measures, such as subsidies to reduce production costs, enhanced training in organic farming techniques, and stable market channels. Additionally, tailored advisory strategies for farmers at various stages of transition should be developed to sustain long-term commitment to organic agriculture and promote sustainable agricultural development.