臺灣農產品碳足跡盤查之操作挑戰與解方探討：以佳葉龍茶為例

Abstract

產品碳足跡是一個量化產品或服務在其生命週期當中排放多少溫室氣體的方法，可用於鑑別排放熱點並制定減排策略。臺灣農業部已將建立主要農產品碳足跡資訊作為其達到淨零排放目標的行動之一。然而，產品碳排放量的數值很大程度取決於在各階段生命週期數據蒐集中，數據本身的取得和品質。有鑑於產品碳足跡計算需要蒐集該產品從搖籃到墳墓的所有相關數據，因此數據蒐集過程中可能會面臨些許挑戰。然而，過去臺灣農產品碳足跡相關文獻僅鑑別面臨之挑戰，但尚未深入討論解方。因此，有必要去討論這些難點的解決方案，以利提升農產品建置碳足跡數據的效率。本研究以臺灣坪林區淨源茶場的產品：精選佳葉龍茶為例，以實際操作碳足跡計算來探討農產品碳足跡在實務操作面臨的挑戰，同時，本研究訪談曾經操作過茶葉碳足跡計算的人員，以了解其操作經驗。研究結果顯示，一包精選佳葉龍茶的碳足跡為1.678 kgCO2e。結合訪談者回饋，發現在原料取得、製造和配送銷售階段的活動數據蒐集最為困難，主要原因為與上游供應鏈合作困難。此外，缺乏肥料和農藥等農業資材的排放因子，亦降低計算結果的準確度。為此，本研究探討了降低計算難度的方法，並提供次不同利害關係人提供相應之解方。另外，本研究也探討降低進行碳足跡計算的進入障礙策略。總而言之，本研究旨在協助操作者能更有效地執行農產品碳足跡評估，並提供有助於提高碳足跡計算可執行性的建議，進一步建立臺灣農業部門的碳排放資料庫，協助農業部門加速邁向淨零目標。

Product carbon footprint (PCF) assessment is a method used to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions across the life cycle of a product or service. It helps identify emission hotspots and develop emission reduction strategies. Taiwan Ministry of Agriculture has set the building of agricultural carbon emission data as one of its strategies to achieve net-zero goal. However, the number of a product’s carbon emissions highly depends on the availability and quality of data collected at each stage of life cycle. Given that assessments require comprehensive information from cradle to grave, the data collection process is likely to encounter challenges. Prior research on Taiwan’s agricultural PCF has only identified some of the challenges such as data availability but not discuss the solutions in depth. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the solutions to these challenges, in order to improve the efficiency of building carbon footprint data for agricultural products. This study used Chin Yuan Choice GABA tea from Pinglin District, Taiwan, as a case study to identify the practical challenges encountered during agricultural PCF assessments. In addition, interviews were conducted with practitioners who had previously conducted PCF assessments of tea to understand their experiences. The results showed the carbon footprint of a package of Choice GABA tea was 1.678 kgCO2e, with the raw-material stage being the primary emission hot spot. Combined with interview feedbacks, it was found that activity data collection was most challenging at the raw-material inputs, processing, and distribution stages, mainly due to the difficulties in cooperating with upstream supply chains. Furthermore, the lack of localized emission factors such as fertilizers and pesticides, further complicates the assessments. In response, this study proposed methods to address the challenges and provided corresponding solutions for different stakeholders. It also discussed strategies to reduce entry barriers for practitioners interested in conducting PCF assessments. Overall, this study aims to support practitioners in conducting agricultural PCF assessments more effectively and provides recommendations to improve the feasibility and adoption of PCF assessment. Ultimately, it contributes to expanding Taiwan’s agricultural carbon emission database and accelerating its transition toward net zero.