臺灣能源轉型下的家戶特徵與能源貧窮風險分析

Abstract

「能源貧窮」指代缺乏現代能源服務或難以負擔足夠的能源消耗，此一現象對個人福祉與社會發展構成嚴峻挑戰。在台灣，能源貧窮議題在淨零轉型的宏大背景下獲得了顯著關注。然而，台灣對進口能源的高度依賴，加上有限的儲備能力，使能源供給暴露於供應中斷與價格波動的風險中，從而加劇了現有的能源不平等問題。本研究採用台灣2023年「家庭收支調查」（SFIE）資料，並利用廣義線性混合模型（GLMM）來探討戶長性別及家戶規模對能源貧窮的影響。研究旨在為台灣能源貧窮的複雜性提供細緻的見解，以利針對弱勢群體制定更具目標性的干預措施。結果顯示台灣的低所得與小規模家戶，常因使用低效率的電器而面臨較高的人均能源消耗，這在累進費率制度下加重了他們的能源負擔，而群體間能源貧窮風險差異也可顯著見於不同性別戶長家庭之中。

Energy poverty, characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services or the inability to afford adequate energy consumption, presents a pressing challenge that influences personal well-being and societal development. In Taiwan, this issue has gained significant attention amidst an ambitious energy transition strategy aimed at reducing coal consumption, phasing out nuclear power, and increasing reliance on renewable energy and natural gas. However, Taiwan's heavy dependence on imported energy resources, particularly natural gas, coupled with limited stockpiling capacity, exposes the country to supply disruptions and price fluctuations, exacerbating existing energy inequalities. Low-income and small-sized households in Taiwan often face higher per capita energy consumption due to inefficient appliances, which intensifies their energy burden under the progressive tariff system. Gender disparities further contribute to energy poverty, with female-headed households being particularly vulnerable. This research also investigates the non-linear relationship between household size and energy poverty risk. Using data from Taiwan’s 2023 Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (SFIE), the study utilizes a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) to explore the impact of household head's gender and family size on energy poverty. The findings aim to provide nuanced insights into the complexities of energy poverty in Taiwan, informing targeted interventions for vulnerable populations.