探討民眾對野生動物與遊蕩犬貓間的認知及環境教育成效

Abstract

遊蕩犬貓對野生動物造成許多影響和衝擊，但目前我國法規沒有適當的配套措施，許多民眾也尚未意識到遊蕩犬貓造成的干擾。本研究採用問卷調查的方式，探討民眾對此議題的知識、態度與支持的管理手段，並透過實施環境教育，研究受眾環境素養的改變。利用SPSS、R、SmartPLS等軟體分析能改變受眾支持的管理手段的因素。結果顯示，受眾對議題的知識題答對率普遍不高。對於支持安樂死與否，民眾的同意度有條件性，同意攻擊人類的遊蕩犬貓應該被安樂死的比例較攻擊野生動物有顯著差異。同時本研究發現，受眾的相關知識越高以及相關態度越正面，他們對於管理手段的支持度也會越高。PLS-SEM模型亦推論出，越關心自然生態環境、喜歡野生動物，對遊蕩犬貓攻擊各物種的關注度會越高，同時更支持減少數量以解決帶來的問題；也會因為關注自然環境，越不會有餵食的傾向。若越擔心遊蕩犬貓對自家安全造成威脅，就越關心其攻擊行為，同時更支持加強飼主責任。 利用推論出的模型設計進班教學的教案，透過成對樣本t檢定分析，結果顯示教學介入前後高中生的環境教育五大面向皆有顯著差異。受眾接受環境教育後，對此議題的認知有所提升，能意識到野生動物的重要性、理解不同立場的人們的想法，並提高對管理手段的支持度。於課程實施五個月後進行延宕測，知識、覺知、行動技能、行動經驗等層面與前測相比，都有顯著差異，顯示部分學習成效得以維持。但與後測相比，多數向度仍有下降趨勢，反映環境教育長期影響仍需透過持續介入加以鞏固。未來若能加強社會大眾對野生動物的喜愛、關注和對環境的敏感度，則能使其支持並配合相關法規的執行和推動。

Free-roaming dogs and cats have significant impacts on wildlife. However, current domestic legislation lacks appropriate supporting measures, and many people remain unaware of the impacts caused by these animals. This study employed a questionnaire-based survey to investigate the public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding this issue, as well as their support for various management measures. In addition, an environmental education program was implemented to examine changes in participants’ environmental literacy. Software tools such as SPSS, R, and SmartPLS were used to analyze the factors influencing participants’ support for management measures. The results showed that respondents’ accuracy rate on knowledge-based questions was generally low. Public support for euthanasia as a population control measure was conditional. Significantly more respondents supported euthanizing free-roaming dogs and cats that attack humans than supported doing so for those attacking wildlife. The study also found that participants with higher levels of knowledge and more positive attitudes toward the issue were more likely to support management measures. PLS-SEM analysis further suggested that individuals with stronger concern for the natural environment and a stronger appreciation for wildlife expressed greater concern about free-roaming dogs and cats attacking various species. They were also more supportive of reducing the population of these animals to resolve the problems caused. Additionally, these individuals were less inclined to feed free-roaming dogs and cats. Furthermore, those who were more worried about threats to their household safety from free-roaming dogs and cats were more concerned about the animals’ aggressive behavior and more supportive of strengthening pet owner responsibility. Drawing on these findings, an environmental education program was designed and implemented. Paired sample t tests revealed significant differences across all five major aspects of environmental literacy between the pre-test and post-test. After the educational intervention, participants’ understanding of the issue improved; they became more aware of the importance of wildlife, better understood the perspectives of people with differing viewpoints, and increased their support for management measures. Five months after the course, a delayed posttest showed that participants’ levels of knowledge, awareness, skills, and participation remained significantly higher than at the pre-test, indicating that some learning outcomes were retained. However, compared to the immediate post-test, most dimensions showed a downward trend, suggesting that the long-term effects of environmental education require continued reinforcement. In the future, strengthening the public’s appreciation for wildlife, concern for the environment, and environmental sensitivity could encourage greater support for and cooperation with the implementation of relevant regulations.