基礎設施可及性與史瓦帝尼王國家戶糧食不安全之研析

Abstract

本研究探討基礎設施與資訊通訊技術（Information and Communication Technology, ICT）可及性對史瓦帝尼王國家戶糧食不安全（food insecurity）之影響。研究資料取自2016/17年具全國代表性的史瓦帝尼家庭收入與支出調查（Eswatini Household Income and Expenditure Survey, EHIES），共計3,066戶樣本，並採用有序與廣義有序logit模型，分析家戶糧食不安全程度量表（Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, HFIAS）與糧食消費分數（Food Consumption Score, FCS）；HFIAS主要衡量與糧食獲取相關的心理壓力與主觀經驗，FCS則用以評估飲食多樣性與營養充分性。研究結果顯示，資訊通訊技術（特別是廣播與網路）以及實體基礎設施（如安全供水與衛生設施）之可及性，有助於提升家戶的糧食安全。此外，較高的家庭收入與戶長教育程度亦為重要的保障因素；反之，糧食價格上升與氣候衝擊則顯著加劇糧食不安全。結合HFIAS與FCS的異質性分析進一步揭示兩類特殊家戶：「沉默匱乏」型（quietly deprived）之糧食困境可透過改善清潔用水與衛生設施獲得緩解；而「糧食充足卻焦慮」型 (anxious but well-fed) 則因基礎設施的可及性減少其極端糧食不安全情形。綜上所述，本研究顯示HFIAS與FCS兩指標的整合能更精準描繪家戶糧食不安全的多元面貌，並指出強化實體與數位基礎設施、提升教育水平與社會保障體系之重要性，對制定跨部門糧食安全政策具高度參考價值。 關鍵字：糧食不安全，基礎設施可近性，糧食消費分數，家戶糧食不安全程度量表

This study examines the role of physical and ICT infrastructure in shaping household food insecurity outcomes in the Kingdom of Eswatini. It uniquely combines two complementary measures: The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), which captures psychological distress and subjective experiences related to food access, and the Food Consumption Score (FCS), which assesses dietary diversity and nutritional sufficiency, using nationally representative data from the 2016/17 Eswatini Household Income and Expenditure Survey (EHIES) covering 3,066 households. The study revealed a complex picture of food insecurity using ordered and generalized ordered logit models for both the HFIAS and FCS measures. Household food security was consistently improved by ICT (particularly radio and the internet) and physical (improved water and sanitation) infrastructure, however, the strongest overall protection was provided by higher income and education. Shocks related to the market and climate exacerbated food insecurity, and larger households were more vulnerable despite better consumption scores. Two hidden profiles emerged from heterogeneity analysis: "quietly deprived" households, whose inadequate diets are mitigated by stable leadership and decent access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), and "anxious but well-fed" households, whose dietary adequacy is offset by infrastructure gaps and shock exposure. These findings demonstrate that combining HFIAS and FCS captures both visible and hidden types of deprivation and points to the need for multisectoral action, expanding physical and digital infrastructure, strengthening education and social protection systems, and institutionalizing the use of multi-dimensional monitoring systems to support equitable and evidence-based policy making.