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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/98150完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 李素華 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Su-Hua Lee | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 鄭竣能 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Chun-Neng Cheng | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-07-30T16:07:19Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-07-31 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2025-07-30 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2025-07-23 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | 一、中文文獻
(一)、專書與專書論文 1. 王澤鑑(2014),民法總則,臺北:自版。 2. 立法院秘書處(1992),法律案專輯第一百三十二輯──公平交易法案,臺北:立法院秘書處。 3. 沈冠伶(2024),民事訴訟法(上),臺北:自版。 4. 剌森(2023),欧盟竞争法的公共执行与私人执行制度研究,北京:中國政法大學。 5. 姜世明(2022),民事訴訟法(上冊),8版,臺北:新學林。 6. 胡祖舜(2021),競爭法之經濟分析,2版,臺北:元照。 7. 陳忠五(2013),侵害債權的侵權責任──學說與實務現況分析,收於:民法研究基金會編,民事法之思想啟蒙與立論薪傳──孫森焱前大法官八秩華誕祝壽論文集,頁575-611,臺北:新學林。 8. 陳聰富(2023),侵權行為法原理,3版,臺北:元照。 9. 許玉秀(1997),主觀與客觀之間,臺北:新學林。 10. 楊建華(2000),問題研析民事訴訟法(五),臺北:自版。 11. 廖義男(2024),公平交易法,2版,臺北:元照。 12. 賴源河(2005),公平交易法新論,3版,臺北:元照。 13. 謝國廉(2015),歐盟競爭法之架構與範圍:以反競爭協議與濫用獨占地位之規範為中心,收於:洪德欽、陳淳文編,歐盟法之基礎原則與實務發展(下),頁1-39,臺北:臺大出版中心。 14. 羅昌發(2002),由美國反托拉斯法實務論公平交易法的民事責任規定,收於:新世紀經濟法制之建構與挑戰──廖義男教授六秩誕辰祝壽論文集,頁824-844,臺北:元照。 (二)、期刊論文 1. 石世豪(2010),競爭秩序守護者的私權保護義務──最高行政法院99年度判字第28號等判決評析,法令月刊,61卷10期,頁4-25。 2. ──(2011),政府組織改造下的公平交易委員會──固守本業或創造再生?,公平交易季刊,19卷4期,頁131-152。 3. 王文宇、張冀明(2007),非營利組織主導的證券團體訴訟──論投資人保護中心,月旦民商法雜誌,15期,頁5-33。 4. 王澤鑑(2005),損害賠償法之目的──損害填補、損害預防、懲罰制裁,月旦法學雜誌,123期,頁207-219。 5. 朱敏賢(2024),普通法院對行政行為之審查──以最高法院111年度台上字第4950號刑事判決為例,月旦律評,27期,頁94-109。 6. 吳秀明(2005),公平交易法的概括條款與民事責任──參與「公平交易法註釋研究系列」之成果說明,律師雜誌,315期,頁59-70。 7. 沈冠伶(2003),多數紛爭當事人之權利救濟程序──從選定當事人制度到團體訴訟,台灣本土法學雜誌,51期,頁169-184。 8. ──(2004),團體訴訟問題的探討,法官協會雜誌,6卷1期,頁67-82。 9. ──(2015),消費者團體訴訟之再建構──以擴散型損害及集團權利為中心,臺大法學論叢,44卷特刊,頁1237-1326。 10. ──(2025),智慧財產民事事件之證據保全及查證制度──事證蒐集手段之充實,台灣法律人,41期,頁81-110。 11. 李素華(2019),智慧財產訴訟之文書提出義務──以德國專利侵權訴訟之證據開示請求權及智慧財產法院103年度民專訴字第66號民事判決為中心,月旦法學雜誌,293期,頁189-210。 12. ──(2021),再論智慧財產權侵害之「損害」概念──評最高法院107年度台上字第2359號民事判決,月旦法學雜誌,317期,頁169-180。 13. 李震山(2000),「先行政後司法」之行政制裁,月旦法學雜誌,60期,頁26-27。 14. 邱玟惠(2022),群體權利主體思維之初探──由公害損害賠償之因果關係證明難題談起,法學叢刊,67卷2期,頁1-40。 15. 邵靖惠,翁明宏(2023),侵權行為損害賠償之預防目的──以法律實證分析為中心,政大法學評論,173期,頁157-226。 16. 邵慶平(2015),投保中心代表訴訟的公益性──檢視、強化與反省,臺大法學論叢,44卷1期,頁223-262。 17. ──(2016),證券團體訴訟中因果關係構成要件的比較研究──兼論投保中心制度的改革方向,臺北大學法學論叢,99期,頁137-186。 18. 林郁馨(2014),投資人的諾亞方舟──投資人保護中心與證券團體訴訟之實證研究,月旦法學雜誌,229期,頁75-97。 19. 姜世明(2010),文書提出義務及事案解明義務之競合,月旦法學雜誌,185期,頁225-238。 20. ──(2015),證據保全之要件審查──評最高法院一○一年度台抗字第一九號民事裁定,月旦裁判時報,31期,頁18-30。 21. 陳志民(2002),「嚇阻」(deterrence)概念下之反托拉斯法私人訴訟「最適損害賠償」理論之政策啟示,人文及社會科學集刊,14卷1期,頁55-109。 22. 陳忠五(2007),論契約責任與侵權責任的保護客體──「權利」與「利益」區別正當性的再反省,臺大法學論叢,36卷3期,頁51-254。 23. 陳秉訓(2014),論美國專利訴訟之專家證人資格──以美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院與聯邦證據規則第702條有關之判決為中心,科技法學評論,11卷1期,頁155-220。 24. 陳肇鴻(2017),投資人保護中心團體訴訟之公益性──最高法院105年台上字第1380號判決評釋,月旦裁判時報,59期,頁54-59。 25. 陳聰富(2002),美國法上之懲罰性損害賠償,臺大法學論叢,31卷5期,頁163-219。 26. ──(2019),論時效起算時點與時效障礙事由,月旦法學雜誌,285期,頁5-33。 27. 郭大維(2009),我國證券投資人保護機制之省思(上),台灣法學雜誌,124期,頁1-11。 28. ──(2009),我國證券投資人保護機制之省思(下),台灣法學雜誌,125期,頁22-35。 29. 許政賢(2018),債權讓與的效果──以雙重讓與時的優劣決定之基準為中心,月旦法學教室,191期,頁31-46。 30. 許曉芬,智慧財產訴訟中之文書提出義務──以法國專利侵權訴訟上資訊請求權為中心並兼評智慧財產法院104年度民專訴字第94號判決,月旦法學雜誌,292期,頁145-156(2019年)。 31. 曾世雄(1991),違反公平交易法之損害賠償,政大法學評論,44期,頁351-361。 32. 曾品傑(1998),從民法到公平交易法──以損害賠償為中心,公平交易季刊,6卷1期,頁91-124。 33. 黃國昌(2003),訴訟參與及代表訴訟──新民事訴訟法下「程序保障」與「紛爭解決一次性」之平衡點,月旦法學雜誌,97期,頁8-27。 34. 黃種甲(2024),經濟分析作為刑事立法的檢驗方針,月旦法學雜誌,348期,頁39-55。 35. 黃銘傑(2001),公平交易法損害賠償制度之功能與詮釋──以第三十二條第二項規定為中心,中原財經法學,7期,頁73-106。 36. ──(2012),讓行政的歸行政、司法的歸司法──跳脫「先行政後司法」後之「先行政無司法」窘態,月旦法學雜誌,201期,頁91-121。 37. 詹森林(2024),債權雙重讓與時,惡意債務人對後受讓人清償之效力──最高法院109年度台上字第2974號民事判決評釋,月旦法學雜誌,345期,頁6-22。 38. 蔡孟佳、鍾佳純(2009),論聯合行為合意之證明──以間接證據之證明與操作為中心,公平交易季刊,17卷4期,頁1-55。 39. 蔡明誠(2013),違反公平交易法之民事責任探討,公平交易委員會電子報,25期,頁1-6。 40. 顏雅倫(2019),聯合行為之合意推定──美國反托拉斯法之比較法研究,公平交易季刊,27卷1期,頁51-112。 41. ──(2021),從廣明案看美國反托拉斯法私人訴訟之爭點與因應策略,月旦民商法雜誌,72期,頁70-97。 42. 魏杏芳(2009),歐洲共同體競爭政策變革與執行新制──理事會第1/2003號規則簡介及全文翻譯,臺北大學法學論叢,72期,頁75-122。 (三)、研討會論文 1. 陳洸岳(1998),公平交易法之團體訴訟,第二屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會。 2. 陳櫻琴(1998),公平法第三十六條「先行政後司法」之法律分析,第二屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會。 (四)、學位論文 1. 余銘軒(2010),集體訴訟制度之研究,國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。 2. 邵瓊儀(2009),公平交易法執行機制之改革,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文。 3. 許家菱(2019),消費者損害賠償團體訴訟之程序運作難題──以擴散型損害之損害數額酌定為中心,國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。 4. 游成淵(2003),違反公平交易法之損害賠償責任──以限制競爭法為中心,國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。 5. 曾偉哲(2017),證券投資人及期貨交易人保護法對於金融監理之助益──以投資人保護中心主導之證券團體訴訟為中心,國立成功大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。 6. 黃新崴(2021),論專利訴訟之證據蒐集──以美國證據開示法制為借鏡,國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。 7. 廖崇崴(2018),第三方資助仲裁之研究,國立臺北大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。 8. 鄭歆儒(2015),美國反托拉斯法損害賠償運作機制對我國公平交易法之啟示,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文。 9. 謝明辰(2017),再思投保中心於團體訴訟之定位,國立臺北大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。 10. 顏煜承(2023),消費者保護法懲罰性賠償金之歸屬於我國法下的正當化論述,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文。 11. 蘇弘綸(2018),建構有效能之競爭法損害賠償制度──比較法與經濟分析的啟示,國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。 (五)、其他 1. 王立達(2025),最高法院113年度台上字第1911號民事判決學者意見書。 2. 黃銘傑(2025),最高法院113年度台上字第1911號民事判決學者意見書。 3. 廖義男(計畫主持人)(2005),公平交易法之註釋研究系列(三)──第二十五條至第四十九條。 二、英文文獻 (一)、專書 1. Areeda, Phillip E., and Herbert Hovenkamp. 2025. Fundamentals of Antitrust Law. New York, NY: Wolters Kluwer. 2. Busnelli, Francesco D. Giovanni Comandé, Herman Cousy, Dan B. Dobbs, Bill W. Dufwa, Michael G. Faure, Israel Gilead, Michael D. Green, Konstantinos D. Kerameus, Bernhard A. Koch, Helmut Koziol, Ulrich Magnus, Miquel Martín-Casals, Olivier Moréteau, Johann Neethling, W. V. Horton Rogers, Jorge Ferreira Sinde Monteiro, Jaap Spier, Lubos Tichy, Pierre Widmer. 2005. Principles of European Tort Law: Text and Commentary. Horn: SpringerWienNewYork. 3. Crane, Daniel A. 2011. The Institutional Structure of Antitrust Enforcement. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. European Commission. 2004. Study on the Conditions of Claims for Damages in Case of Infringement of EC Competition Rules: Comparative and Economics Reports by Ashurst for the European Commission, DG Competition. Brussel: European Commission. 5. European Commission. 2009. Quantifying Antitrust Damages: Towards Non-binding Guidance for Courts. Brussel: European Commission. 6. European Law Institute. 2024. Principles Governing the Third Party Funding of Litigation. Vienna: European Law Institute. 7. Farhang, Sean. 2010. The Litigation State: Public Regulation and Private Lawsuits in the U.S. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 8. Hovenkamp, Herbert. 2017. Principles of Antitrust. Saint Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing. 9. Pace, Nicholas M., and Laura Zakaras. 2012. Where the Money Goes: Understanding Litigant Expenditures for Producing Electronic Discovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. 10. Wish, Richard, and David Bailey. 2021. Competition Law. 10th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (二)、書之篇章 1. Andersson, Helene. 2019. The Quest for Evidence: Still an Uphill Battle for Cartel Victims? Pp. 133-154 in EU Competition Litigation: Transposition and First Experiences of the New Regime, edited by Magnus Strand, Vladimir Bastidas, and Marios C Iacovides. Oxford: Hart Publishing. 2. Hjärtström, Max, and Julian Nowag. 2019. EU Competences and the Damages Directive: The Continuum Between Minimum and Full Harmonisation. Pp. 3-18 in EU Competition Litigation: Transposition and First Experiences of the New Regime, edited by Magnus Strand, Vladimir Bastidas, and Marios C Iacovides. Oxford: Hart Publishing. 3. Karlsson, Per. 2019. The Practical and Legal Effects of National Decisions in Subsequent Damages Actions. Pp. 121-132 in EU Competition Litigation: Transposition and First Experiences of the New Regime, edited by Magnus Strand, Vladimir Bastidas, and Marios C Iacovides. Oxford: Hart Publishing. 4. Lawrence, Jon. 2007. Seeking the Perfect Balance: Some Reflections on the Commission’s Green Paper on Damages Actions for Breach of the EC Antitrust Rules. Pp. 457-476 in European Competition Law Annual: 2006: Enforcement of Prohibition of Cartels, edited by Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, and Isabela Atanasiu. Oxford: Hart Publishing. 5. Nagy, Csongor István. 2022. What role for private enforcement in EU competition law? A religion in quest of founder. Pp. 218-229 in The Cambridge Handbook of Competition Law Sanctions, edited by Tihamer Tóth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6. Odudu, Okeoghene. 2013. Competition Law and Contract: The Euro-defence. Pp. 395-416 in The Involvement of EU Law in Private Law Relationships, edited by Dorota Leczykiewicz, and Stephen Weatherill. Oxford: Hart Publishing. 7. Petr, Michal. 2017. Czech Republic. Pp. 85-108 in Implementation of the EU Damages Directive in Central and Eastern European Countries, edited by Anna Piszcz. Warsaw: University of Warsaw Faculty of Management Press. 8. Piszcz, Anna. 2019. Implementing the Rules of the Damages Directive on Joint and Several Liability: The SME Derogation. Pp. 173-186 in EU Competition Litigation: Transposition and First Experiences of the New Regime, edited by Magnus Strand, Vladimir Bastidas, and Marios C Iacovides. Oxford: Hart Publishing. 9. Strand, Magnus. 2019. Managing Transposition and Avoiding Fragmentation: The Example of Limitation Periods and Interest. Pp. 41-62 in EU Competition Litigation: Transposition and First Experiences of the New Regime, edited by Magnus Strand, Vladimir Bastidas, and Marios C Iacovides. Oxford: Hart Publishing. 10. Waelbroeck, Denis, and Donald Slater. 2007. The Commission’s Green Paper on Private Enforcement: “Americanization” of EC Competition Law Enforcement? Pp. 425-446 in European Competition Law Annual: 2006: Enforcement of Prohibition of Cartels, edited by Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, and Isabela Atanasiu. Oxford: Hart Publishing. 11. Wish, Richard, and David Bailey. 2023. Private Enforcement of Competition Law: Its Role and Development in the EU. Pp. 2-27 in Research Handbook on Private Enforcement of Competition Law in the EU, edited by Barry Rodger, Miguel Ferro, and Francisco Marcos. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. (三)、期刊文獻 1. Abele, Hanns, Georg Kodek, and Guido Schaefer. 2011. Proving Causation in Private Antitrust Cases. Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2370353. 2. Allensworth, Rebecca Haw. 2015. The Influence of the Areeda-Hovenkamp Treatise in the Lower Courts and What It Means for Institutional Reform in Antitrust. Iowa Law Review 100:1919-1941. 3. Angerhofer, Tirza J., and Roger D. Blair. 2021. Monopoly and Monopsony: Antitrust Standing, Injury, and Damages. University of Cincinnati Law Review 89:256-285. 4. Arthur, Thomas C. 1988. Workable Antitrust Law: The Statutory Approach to Antitrust. Tulane Law Review 62:1163-1236. 5. Baker, Jonathan B. 2015. Taking the Error Out of 'Error Cost' Analysis: What's Wrong with Antitrust's Right. Antitrust Law Journal 80:1-38. 6. Bartholomew, Christine P. 2014. Death by Daubert: The Continued Attack on Private Antitrust. Cardozo Law Review 35:2147-2198. 7. Becker, Gary S. 1968. Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy 76:169-217. 8. Bedell, Jared. 2024. Antitrust Class Actions and Rule 23: the Barriers to Claims in Zero-price Platform Markets. NYU Annual Survey of American Law 80:255-298. 9. Birmingham, Daniel J. 2024. Walking on Water: Concrete Standing and the De Minimis Limitation at Class Certification. San Diego Law Review 61:459-496. 10. Blecher, Maxwell M., and James Robert Noblin. 1998. The Confluence of Muddied Waters: Antitrust Consequential Damages and the Interplay Damages and the Interplay of Proximate Cause, Antitrust Injury, Standing and Disaggregation. Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development 13:145-170. 11. Bodnár, Péter Miskolczi, and Róbert Szuchy. 2017. Joint and Several Liability of Competition Law Infringers in the Legislation of Central and Eastern European Member States. Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 10:85-109. 12. Bulst, Friedrich Wenzel. 2008. Of Arms and Armour: The European Commission’s White Paper on Damages Actions for Breach of EC Antitrust Law. Bucerius Law Journal 02/2008:81-95. 13. Bunker, Robert E. 1913. The New Federal Equity Rules. Michigan Law Review 11:435-451. 14. Büyüksagis, Erdem. 2015. Standing and Passing-on in the New EU Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions. Swiss Review of Business Law 87:18-30. 15. Carrier, Michael A. 2011. A Tort-Based Causation Framework for Antitrust Analysis. Antitrust Law Journal 77:991-1016. 16. Chen, Jiamie. 2020. Promoting Competition in Competition Law: The Role of Third-party Funding in Overcoming Competitive Barriers in Private Antitrust Enforcement Practice. Competition 30:137-148. 17. Choi, Albert H., and Kathryn E. Spier. 2022. Class Actions and Private Antitrust Litigation. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 14:131-163. 18. Crane, Daniel A. 2009. Chicago, Post-Chicago, and Neo-Chicago (book review). University of Chicago Law Review 76:1911-1933. 19. 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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/98150 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 違反競爭法的行為除了損害市場競爭秩序(公益)外,亦常對私人權益造成損害,故各國競爭法普遍設有關於私人損害賠償訴訟之規範,此即所謂「私人執行(private enforcement)」。從現行統計資料觀之,我國限制競爭私人執行案件數量極為稀少,無論是與美國及歐盟之發展情形相比,抑或與我國不公平競爭案件之私人執行情形相比皆形成鮮明對比。基此,本文擬透過全面檢討美國與歐盟於限制競爭私人執行方面之各項構成要件,以釐清我國制度發展停滯之癥結,並據此提出具體改革建議。本文發現,我國現行私人執行制度自公平法制定以來已歷三十餘年,然於立法層面幾無實質變革;在司法實務方面,亦僅有近期最高法院於113年度台上字第1911號民事判決中首度就私人執行制度提出明確見解。此一情形與美國及歐盟於立法與司法層面不斷推動制度精進與調整實有顯著落差。是以,本文在全面檢討相關構成要件後,聚焦於四項核心面向提出改革建議,分別為:因果關係之認定、時效障礙事由之增訂、公共執行對後續私人執行之拘束力,以及證據近用制度之強化。另外,本文亦展望制度逐漸成熟後可能面臨之挑戰,首先即為終端消費者提起集體訴訟之可行性與制度設計。為此,本文探討美國與歐盟競爭法中關於集體訴訟之相關制度,並分別就法院與當事人層面提出本文建議之改革方向。最後,本文亦設想當我國制度發展至更為成熟之階段後可能出現類似美國法早期為人詬病之濫訴風險,並進一步探討屆時應如何調整制度以維持私人執行整體之平衡。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | In addition to harming the competitive order of the market (the public interest), violations of antitrust law often infringe upon private rights and interests. Accordingly, most jurisdictions provide rules governing private damage claims under antitrust law, a mechanism commonly referred to as private enforcement. According to available statistical data, the number of private enforcement cases in Taiwan remains extremely low, presenting a stark contrast both to the developments in the United States and the European Union, and to the relatively more frequent private enforcement of unfair competition cases within Taiwan itself. In light of this, the present thesis aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the constitutive elements of private enforcement concerning anticompetitive conduct in the United States and the European Union, in order to identify the root causes behind the stagnation of Taiwan’s system and to offer concrete reform proposals. The findings reveal that Taiwan’s current private enforcement regime has seen virtually no substantial legislative reform since the enactment of the Fair Trade Act more than thirty years ago. In the judicial sphere, only a recent decision by the Supreme Court has, for the first time, provided an explicit opinion on the system of private enforcement. This stands in marked contrast to the continuous legislative and judicial refinement observed in both the U.S. and EU systems.
Based on a thorough review of relevant legal requirements, this thesis proposes reforms focused on four core aspects: (1) the standard for establishing causation; (2) the introduction of additional grounds for tolling the statute of limitations; (3) the binding effect of public enforcement on subsequent private actions; and (4) the enhancement of access to evidence. Furthermore, this thesis anticipates future challenges as the system matures—chief among them being the potential emergence of class actions initiated by end consumers. In this regard, the thesis examines the class actions mechanisms under U.S. and EU competition law, and accordingly offers reform recommendations at both the judicial and party levels. Finally, the thesis considers the possibility that, as the system in Taiwan continues to evolve and mature, it may encounter risks of abusive litigation similar to those historically criticized in the U.S. legal system. It therefore further explores how the Taiwanese regime could be adjusted to preserve the overall balance and legitimacy of private enforcement. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2025-07-30T16:07:19Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2025-07-30T16:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 I
誌謝 II 中文摘要 IV ABSTRACT V 簡目次 VII 詳目次 X 表次 XIX 第一章、緒論 1 第一節、研究動機 1 第二節、研究方法 2 第三節、研究範圍 3 第四節、論文架構 4 第二章、美國之私人執行及集體訴訟 5 第一節、私人執行 5 第一項、私人執行歷史 5 一、沉寂之初──《休曼法》及《克萊頓法》立法之初 6 (一)、《休曼法》之制定 6 1. 《休曼法》私人執行之立法過程 6 2. 執行成效 9 (二)、《克萊頓法》之制定 9 1. 《克萊頓法》私人執行之條文 10 2. 《克萊頓法》私人執行之目的 14 二、光芒初現──私人執行與公共執行開始脫鉤 16 (一)、Eastman Kodak Co. v. Southern Photo Materials Co. 16 (二)、Story Parchment Co. v. Paterson Parchment Paper Co. 17 (三)、Bigelow v. RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. 18 (四)、小結 20 三、全面綻放──私人執行的急遽擴張 20 (一)、整體私人執行開始蓬勃發展 21 (二)、私人執行之重心轉向嚇阻 22 四、風華漸歇──私人執行的收縮與司法限制 24 (一)、間接購買者原則 25 1. 轉嫁理論之防禦性使用──Hanover Shoe, Inc. v. United Shoe Mach. Corp. 25 2. 轉嫁理論之攻擊性使用──Ill. Brick Co. v. Illinois 26 3. 間接購買者原則之穩固──Kansas v. Utilicorp United 27 4. 各州的反擊──California v. ARC Am. Corp. 29 5. 近期發展──Apple v. Pepper 30 6. 小結 33 (二)、整體環境之影響 34 1. 芝加哥學派(Chicago School)的崛起 34 2. 哈佛學派(Harvard School)的不信任 35 第二項、私人執行相關要件 38 一、當事人適格 38 二、損害 38 三、因果關係 39 (一)、事實上因果關係(factual causation) 40 1. 多重因果關係──實質原因(material cause)與重大原因(substantial factor) 41 2. 舉證責任之減輕 44 (1). 推論(inference) 45 (2). 以技術為導向之合理連結(reasonable link) 46 (二)、法律上因果關係(legal causation) 47 1. 近因──直接性標準及可預見性標準 48 2. 反托拉斯損害──風險標準 49 (三)、損害量化 51 四、證據 51 五、公共執行決定之拘束力 54 六、連帶責任 55 七、時效 56 (一)、期間與起算 56 (二)、停止(suspension) 57 第二節、集體訴訟 58 第一項、集體訴訟歷史 59 一、1842年、1912年:集體訴訟之起源──《衡平法聯邦規則》之制定與修訂 59 二、1938年──《聯邦民事訴訟規則》之制定 61 三、1966年──《聯邦民事訴訟規則》之修訂 65 (一)、集體訴訟之前提條件 66 (二)、集體類型之重構 66 (三)、選擇退出與通知機制 67 四、1969年──集體訴訟戰爭的興起 69 五、小結──反托拉斯法集體訴訟中監管性與程序性觀點之拉扯 72 (一)、個別化問題 72 (二)、損害賠償分配 74 第二項、現行集體訴訟制度 76 一、認證(certification) 76 (一)、前提要件──第23條第a項 77 (二)、特別要件──第23條第b項 78 二、認證後 81 (一)、通知與選擇退出 81 (二)、訴訟費用及資金 82 三、損害賠償 84 (一)、計算 84 (二)、分配 84 第三章、歐盟之私人執行及集體訴訟 86 第一節、私人執行 86 第一項、歐盟私人執行之態樣──劍與盾 88 第二項、由司法機關奠定私人執行之基礎 89 一、BRT v. SABAM案 90 (一)、案例事實 90 (二)、法院見解 91 二、Courage v. Crehan案 92 (一)、案例事實 92 (二)、法院見解 93 三、Manfredi v. Lloyd Adriatico Assicurazioni SpA案 94 (一)、案例事實 94 (二)、法院見解及後續影響 94 四、其他案件 95 第三項、由立法機關發展私人執行之規範架構 96 一、《第1/2003號規則》 97 二、以美國為參考對象之《綠皮書》 98 三、摒棄美國模式之《白皮書》 101 (一)、《白皮書》之三項指導原則 102 (二)、歐盟層級立法的正當性質疑 104 四、《損害賠償指令》 105 (一)、完全賠償(full compensation) 106 (二)、當事人適格(standing) 107 (三)、損害 107 1. 受有損害 107 (1). 直接購買者 107 (2). 間接購買者 108 (3). 轉嫁抗辯 108 2. 損害量化(Quantification of harm) 109 (1). 《量化指引》 109 (2). 《轉嫁指引》 112 (四)、因果關係 115 1. 事實上因果關係 116 (1). 若無則有 116 (2). 舉證責任之減輕 119 2. 法律上因果關係 120 3. 損害量化 122 (五)、證據揭露(disclosure of evidence) 123 1. 基本原則 123 (1). 透明原則(principle of transparency) 123 (2). 比例原則(principle of proportionality) 124 2. 分類揭露規則 129 (1). 黑名單(blacklist) 129 (2). 灰名單(grey list) 130 (3). 白名單(whitelist) 131 3. 機密資訊 132 (1). 編寫(redaction) 133 (2). 機密圈(confidentiality rings) 133 (3). 專家委任(appointment of experts) 135 4. 執委會不適用之 135 (六)、公共執行決定之拘束力 136 1. 內國效力 137 (1). 產生拘束力之前提 137 (2). 拘束力之範圍 138 2. 跨國效力 139 (七)、連帶責任(joint and several liability) 140 1. 中小企業 140 (1). 積極要件與消極要件 141 (2). 責任範圍 142 2. 豁免接受者(immunity recipient) 143 (八)、時效及利息 144 1. 時效 144 2. 利息 145 第二節、集體訴訟 145 第一項、從消費者保護角度出發 146 第二項、從競爭法角度出發 146 第三項、邁向統一的集體救濟制度 147 一、《集體救濟建議》 148 (一)、禁制令集體救濟及賠償性集體救濟共同原則 148 1. 代表訴訟之資格 149 2. 訴訟費用 149 (二)、賠償性集體救濟特別原則 149 (三)、《集體救濟建議實施報告》 150 二、《代表訴訟指令》 151 (一)、適格實體 152 (二)、選擇加入與選擇退出 153 (三)、訴訟費用及資金 153 (四)、損害賠償之計算與分配 155 第四章、美國與歐盟相關議題比較 157 第一節、私人執行 159 第一項、目的 159 一、美國──以嚇阻作為主要目的 159 二、歐盟──僅以賠償為主要目的 160 (一)、以賠償為主要目的,但逐步打破私人與公共的二元界線 160 (二)、界限與平衡 162 第二項、轉嫁抗辯及間接購買者原則 162 第三項、公共執行決定之效力 163 一、美國──僅法院判決得作為表面證據 164 二、歐盟──競爭主管機關及法院判決皆具備相當程度的拘束力 164 第四項、連帶責任 164 一、美國 164 二、歐盟 165 第五項、時效 165 第二節、集體訴訟 166 第一項、代表實體 166 第二項、選擇加入或選擇退出 167 第三項、訴訟費用與資金 168 第四項、損害賠償之計算及分配 169 第五章、臺灣之私人執行及集體訴訟 171 第一節、私人執行 171 第一項、公平法第30條 174 一、目的 174 二、要件 175 (一)、當事人適格──直接購買者與間接購買者 175 (二)、主觀要件 176 1. 應具備主觀要件──過失或推定過失責任 177 (1). 過失責任 177 (2). 推定過失責任 178 2. 無需具備主觀要件──無過失責任 178 3. 本文見解 179 (三)、受有損害 180 1. 客體──權利及利益 180 2. 因果關係 181 (1). 責任成立的因果關係 181 (2). 責任範圍的因果關係 183 (四)、法律效果 184 1. 損害賠償方法──以金錢賠償為原則 184 2. 損害賠償範圍 184 第二項、公平法第31條第1項 186 一、目的 186 二、要件 187 (一)、故意 187 (二)、侵害情節輕重 189 第三項、公平法第31條第2項 189 一、目的 189 二、要件 190 第四項、小結 191 第二節、集體訴訟 191 第一項、選定當事人──民事訴訟法 192 一、傳統選定當事人制度──民事訴訟法第41條 192 (一)、目的 192 (二)、要件──多數有共同利益之人 192 (三)、效力 193 1. 選定人脫離訴訟 193 2. 被選定人之地位與權限 193 (四)、傳統選定當事人之制度困境 193 二、新選定當事人制度 194 (一)、民事訴訟法第44條之1 194 1. 被選定人──社員所屬之公益社團法人 194 2. 總額裁判及分配協議 195 (二)、民事訴訟法第44條之2 195 第二項、機構代表訴訟──消費者保護法及證券投資人及期貨交易人保護法 197 一、消費者保護法 197 (一)、性質 197 (二)、要件 199 1. 消保團體 199 2. 受讓20位消費者之損害賠償請求權 199 3. 強制律師代理及訴訟費用 200 (三)、不足之處 200 二、證券投資人及期貨交易人保護法 201 (一)、性質 201 (二)、要件 202 1. 投保中心 202 2. 公益性 203 3. 投保中心受理標準 203 (1). 消極要件 204 (2). 積極要件 204 4. 訴訟費用 205 (1). 裁判費用 205 (2). 保護基金 205 (三)、不足之處 206 1. 集體訴訟性質 206 2. 投保中心獨占性 206 第三項、三者比較 208 第六章、本文建議之改革方向及結論 211 第一節、強化我國私人執行制度 211 第一項、因果關係 212 第二項、增訂時效障礙事由 214 第三項、公共執行效力 215 第四項、證據 216 第二節、於限制競爭領域刪除三倍懲罰性損害賠償 217 第一項、回歸民事損害賠償制度之本質──損害填補 218 一、我國與美國的立法歷史不同 218 二、賦予懲罰性損害賠償反而可能導致法院的保守態度 219 三、嚇阻功能交由公平會即已足夠 220 (一)、民法未必不能具備嚇阻功能 220 (二)、公平法中刑法的嚇阻功能已由行政法承擔 221 (三)、行政法的嚇阻功能已經足夠,無需民法介入 223 四、我國證據近用之困境 225 第二項、可能的反對 226 一、因現實障礙,三倍損害賠償實際上等同一倍 226 二、公平會執法量能不足 227 第三節、公平法領域集體訴訟制度之增強 229 第一項、法院層面──於公平法明文允許「總體判斷」 229 第二項、當事人層面 231 一、如欲採取機構代表之立法模式,在制度設計上應賦予官方機構與民間機構平等參與之地位 231 二、應允許第三方訴訟資金 232 第四節、結論 234 參考文獻 236 | - |
| dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
| dc.subject | 私人執行 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 集體訴訟 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 限制競爭 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 競爭法 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 公平交易法 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | competition law | en |
| dc.subject | private enforcement | en |
| dc.subject | class action | en |
| dc.subject | fair trade law | en |
| dc.subject | antitrust law | en |
| dc.title | 限制競爭私人執行及集體訴訟之研究──以美國及歐盟法制之比較為中心 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Private Enforcement and Class Action in Antitrust Law: A Comparative Study of U.S. and EU Legal Systems | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 113-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳從周;顏雅倫 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Chung-Jau Wu;Ya-Lun Yen | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 私人執行,集體訴訟,限制競爭,競爭法,公平交易法, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | private enforcement,class action,antitrust law,competition law,fair trade law, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 253 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202502287 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2025-07-25 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 法律學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 法律學系 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | N/A | - |
| 顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 | |
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| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-113-2.pdf 未授權公開取用 | 3.23 MB | Adobe PDF |
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