運用利害關係人與社會網絡整合質性方法於骨髓捐獻慈善活動之分析

Abstract

骨髓移植在1956年開始嘗試，1957年完成第一個案例，1950年至1960失敗了很多例子，隨著對白血球抗原的研究才突破對骨髓移植成功案例。1992年由旅外留學生溫文玲女士因患有血癌，在海外國家尋求非親屬間配對未果，因研究血液疾病相關學問瞭解，回國推動非親屬間配對，並拜訪證嚴法師協助病友建立台灣骨髓資料庫，立法院於1993年5月修正案，廢除3等親內的配對限制，與1993年10月慈濟骨髓幹細胞中心正式成立 馮俊傑（2004）。 政府經由修法，合作及督導讓資料庫快速成立，期初成為亞洲第一大資料庫。 骨髓幹細胞移植建檔因政府修法後經歷 31年，經由捐贈志工及關懷小組志工及慈濟骨髓幹細胞中心，每年舉辦超過100場骨髓幹細胞建檔活動。 骨髓中心並加入世界骨髓捐贈者協會，設立制度化相關教育訓練及運作流程，並參照國家衛生法規設立安全的抽血場所。 2023年有 45萬筆以上建檔者及超過6000筆國內外捐贈者響應無償救人，建檔筆數的捐贈率在國際著名骨髓庫中排名第2位，在國際間藉由台灣善念及善行提升國際醫療貢獻能見度。

透過研究世界建檔及捐贈優異的骨髓資料庫，如德國，日本及藉由研究台灣捐血中心如何成為世界第一捐血率的國家的成功因素來協助慈濟骨髓資料庫成為貢獻更高的資料庫。 經由分析這三個組織營運，及生命週期Oliver, P., & Marwell, G. (1985) 所需發展的要素把利害關係人Freeman, R. E. (1984), 海德理論及社會網絡分析 (SNA) Bryson, J. M. (2004)。透過利害關係人分類並找出利害關係人三者的平衡狀態及激發三方可以互惠方式推動善行。再藉由一連串的三角關係的連結，發現中介者及關係人經由槓桿方式有效率的方式推廣非同溫層內的社會大眾。 最終總結，建議慈濟骨髓中心利用STEP (Stakeholder, Transparency, Eco-system & Plan) 方式規劃全套的資料庫建檔數擴展計畫，並分階段發展。考量資源及組織規模的限制地運用下，有效率分階段讓慈濟骨髓穩健建檔數發展，並協助更多需要經由HLA 配對做移植的病患。

The first bone marrow attempt was began in1956 and completed in 1957. However numerous failures occurs in between year of 1950s and 1960s。 Thru out the years, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) study has significate breakthrough, and facilitated successful cases of bone marrow transplants. 1992, Ms. Wen Wenling suffering from blood cancer during her study abroad, and she could not find any match in non-relative paring in oversea. Thru her study blood cancer relevant documents and realized, she has to come back Taiwan promoting non-relative paring in HLA examine. Ms. Wen visited founder, Master Cheng Yen, of Tzu-Chi Buddhist foundation and ask to establish bone morrow data bank. Legislative Yuan corrected the regulation, allow HLA non-relative paring donation. Tzu-Chi foundation officially established bone marrow data bank in Oct, 1993. The data bank has been created for 31-years, volunteers, patients care team and Tzu-Chi bone marrow data center hold more than 100 times of promoting registration for examine HLA types. The center joined World Marrow donation association (WMDA), began set up standard operation process and training courses, also follow national sanitation regulation to take 10cc blood from volunteers for examine and register in data bank. There are 450 thousand registration and 6000 donations for domestic and global patients without any compensation. Taiwan is globally top two country donation rate from its total registrations. Tzu-Chi bone marrow data bank center help Taiwan’s name emerged in the international medical society. I had studied best performance bone marrow data banks, German, and Japan, also studied Taiwan blood organization understand the key success factors. The analysis is try to understand these three organizations, and try to discover life-time cycle developing important factors such as stakeholders, Hider theory and Social Network Analysis (SNA) for assist Tzu-Chi bone marrow data bank center become a higher contribution data center in donation. Finding the stakeholders triangle balance and thru reciprocity to encourage these stakeholders’ promotion good deeds. Series connection of each triangle characters thru leverage to make information spread efficiently to different segmentation. In conclusion, I suggest Tzu-Chi bone marrow data bank center use “STOP” method (Stakeholder, Transparency, Organization & Plan), develop a comprehensive data bank extension plan in stages. By consideration of resource and size of organization is limited, to let Tzu-Chi bone marrow data bank center steadily grow and helping more patients who needs HLA paring for transplantation.