坂口䙥子の作品における蕃地の表象 ―蕃地小説の人物像を通して―

Abstract

坂口䙥子是台灣日據時期具有代表性的女性作家之一。她曾赴「蕃地」（本文所稱「蕃地」，係沿用小說中的歷史用語）與原住民共同生活，並以其經驗為靈感在戰後創作多部以蕃地為題材的小說，其中不只關於霧社事件的作品，也從多元的角度去描寫蕃地，呈現其對蕃地社會的觀察與想像。然而，先行研究多集中於個別作品，缺乏對其所有蕃地小說的整體探討。因此，本論文將分析坂口䙥子所有的蕃地小說，聚焦於作品中「虛實交錯」的敘事手法，探討其在作品中呈現的蕃地表象。

本論文分為三章：第一章分析〈時計草〉與〈蕃地〉對混血兒的描寫，發現坂口䙥子透過戰後〈蕃地〉中的虛構與現實的交錯描寫，回應〈時計草〉因戰時言論限制而無法正面描寫的殖民批判；第二章以〈霧社〉與〈達道・莫那之死〉為對象，分析出坂口䙥子透過角色的虛構描寫，揭示殖民地下的個人悲劇與霧社事件的必然性；最後，第三章從性別視角出發，分析〈比基的故事〉、〈蕃地之女―露比的故事〉、〈蕃地的夏娃〉、〈蕃婦羅婆的故事〉四部小說中，坂口䙥子透過虛構人物呈現出殖民地中的性別壓迫與女性主體性的追求，並藉原住民女性開放的形象與文化記號，反思戰後日本理想的被動女性形象。

綜上所述，本論文透過分析坂口䙥子的蕃地小說，發現其在各主題中不僅再現了殖民地支配對於殖民者與被殖民者所造成的壓迫，也呈現出蕃地的表象不止是殖民地，更是人們懷抱情感、經歷掙扎與展現主體性的空間。特別是在描寫非歷史人物的作品中，發現到坂口䙥子藉由殖民與性別的權力關係，進一步闡述戰後日本社會中的性別議題。

Sakaguchi Reiko was one of the representative female writers during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan. She had been lived with indigenous Peoples, and wrote upon these experiences as inspiration for novels themed around indigenous peoples in the post-war period. These works include not only about “Wushe Incident”, but also depict indigenous land from multiple perspectives, presenting her observations and imagination of indigenous society. However, previous studies have focused on a few works, and there has been no research of all her indigenous fiction. Therefore, this thesis analyzes all of Sakaguchi Reiko's indigenous novels, focusing on the narrative technique of “interweaving fact and fiction” in the works, and exploring the representation of indigenous land presented in her literature.

This thesis is divided into three chapters: In Chapter One, it discusses portrayal of mixed race children in “Tokei-gusa” and “Banchi”, discovering that Sakaguchi Reiko through the interweaving of fact and fiction in the post-war work “Banchi”, responds to the critique of colonial which could not be expressed in "Tokei-gusa" due to speech restrictions in wartime. In Chapter Two, it focuses in “Musha” and “The Death of Tadao Mona”, analyzing how Sakaguchi Reiko reveals individual tragedies under colonial rule and the inevitability of the Wushe Incident through fictional character portrayals. Finally, Chapter Three analyzes “The Story of Bikki”, “Woman of Banchi: The Story of Ruby”, “Eve of Banchi”, and “The Story of Indigenous Woman Ropou” from a gender perspective. This chapter examines how Sakaguchi Reiko presents gender oppression in colonial territories and the pursuit of female subjectivity through fictional characters, while using the open imagery and cultural symbols of indigenous women to reflect upon the ideal of passive femininity in post-war Japan.

The results of the analysis all of Sakaguchi Reiko's indigenous novels, this thesis discovers that across these themes, Sakaguchi Reiko not only represents the oppression caused by colonial domination upon both colonizers and the colonized, but also presents the representation of indigenous land as more than mere colonial spaces—It is a space where people can demonstrate subjectivity. Particularly in works depicting non-historical characters, the thesis finds that Sakaguchi Reiko further elaborates on gender issues in post-war Japanese society through the relationships between colonialism and gender.