AIOT驅動的無人零售解決方案 ─以智能販賣機為例

Abstract

隨著人工智慧(artificial intelligence, AI)和物聯網(Internet of Things, IoT)技術蓬勃發展，AIoT (artificial intelligence of things)驅動的無人零售模式也逐漸興起，其中智能販賣機和無人商店產業受益最深。大資料分析、電腦視覺、多元支付、遠端監控技術實現了高效的無人零售消費體驗，減輕了管理者的負擔，更大幅提升了零售產業的營運績效。 本研究以AIoT智能販賣機業者A公司作為個案研究的物件，透過波特五力分析模型、商業模式地圖、商業生態系等理論架構分析A公司的競爭態勢、商業模式和產業發展，並比較AIoT智能販賣機和傳統自動販賣機的差異，研究結果顯示AIoT智能販賣機確實已對零售產業造成重大衝擊，無人零售將成為產業趨勢。 在AIoT智能販賣機產業中，硬體和軟體技術是產業的關鍵競爭優勢，而資料分析和後勤團隊對於數字經濟商業生態系的建置可發揮重要貢獻，掌握關鍵技術、資料分析能力和後勤團隊的業者將可取得市場的主導地位。 本論文以便利超商的應用案例，驗證AIoT智能販賣機可降低20~30%的補貨成本、15~20%的故障率、10~20%的食品損耗，並可將每台智能販賣機的營業額提升25~35%。AIoT智能販賣機不僅能夠幫助便利商店提升營運效率、降低成本，還能拓展銷售管道並提升消費者體驗。AIoT智能販賣機將逐漸成為便利商店數位化轉型的重要工具，提高市場競爭力。

Advances in technologies associated with artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) have driven developments in unmanned retail models powered by AIoT (artificial intelligence of things), particularly in terms of smart vending machines and unmanned stores. Big data analysis, computer vision, diversified payment methods, and remote monitoring technologies have enabled efficient unmanned retail experiences, reduced manager burdens, and significantly improved operational performance in the retail industry. This study conducted a case study on AIoT smart vending machine operator Company A, using Porter's Five Forces Model, the business model canvas framework, and the business ecosystem model as theoretical frameworks to analyze Company A’s competition, business model, and industry developments while also comparing the differences between AIoT smart vending machines and traditional vending machines. Study results indicate that AIoT smart vending machines have triggered a major impact on the retail industry, and unmanned retail is fast becoming an industry trend. Within the smart vending machine industry, hardware and software technologies are the key competitive advantages, and data analysis capabilities and logistics teams are significant building blocks for digital economy business ecosystems. Therefore, operators who can master key technologies, data analysis capabilities, and logistics teams will be able to gain a dominant position in the market. This study examined an application example in a convenience store and confirmed that AIoT smart vending machines can reduce replenishment costs by 20~30%, failure rates by 15~20%, and food losses by 10~20% while increasing machine sales by 25~35%. AIoT smart vending machines not only help convenience stores improve operational efficiency and reduce costs, but also expand sales channels and enhance consumer experiences. Hence, AIoT smart vending machines will gradually become an important tool for digital transformation of convenience stores and improve their market competitiveness.