以意義建構論探討館員編目實務之主題分析歷程

Abstract

主題分析是圖書館資訊組織工作中帶有主觀詮釋成份的作業，編目館員對此作業常感到熟悉卻又疑惑，以致影響館員對主題分析的認知以及實作的歷程與階段。儘管針對主題、主題分析等相關議題已有許多研究文獻，卻較少探討主題分析本質和主題分析歷程等更深入層面的議題，以致欠缺對編目館員如何進行主題分析歷程的理解。 為探討編目館員主題分析歷程本質，本研究目的在以意義建構論解構編目館員的主題分析歷程和歷程中各階段的本質，以此建立館員的主題分析歷程意義建構模式，並探討以意義建構論詮釋主題分析歷程意義建構模式之情境、缺口、橋接與結果等面向的結果和意涵。研究採質性研究策略，以國內館藏量在100萬冊以上圖書館的資訊組織部門編目館員為研究對象，結合放聲思考法與微時序時間軸訪談法，觀察紀錄受訪者日常例行的編目作業與主題分析工作，並深入訪談解析受訪者對主題分析的看法、主題分析歷程與意義建構模式。 研究結果顯示當前的編目實務環境以抄錄編目為主，較少原始編目的進行，受訪編目館員的主題分析亦分為抄錄和原始歷程，對應不同歷程模式產生不同的歷程和階段，且都以參考紀錄的主題符號為著錄依據。以此架構的主題分析歷程之意義建構模式，亦呈現因為主題分析抄錄或原始情境而產生的特有缺口、既定橋接策略和相似的主題分析結果。就情境面向，編目館員較少進行原始的主題分析歷程，可能直接取用主題符號，或呈現部分階段的主題分析抄錄歷程；就缺口面向，主要缺口為是否順利產生主題符號，更關鍵的缺口為語言能力和學科知識不足；就橋接面向，使用的策略偏向搜尋更多參考資源以驗證參考的書目紀錄主題符號適用性和選擇適當的主題控制工具；就結果面向，以完成當下主題分析任務為優先，分析結果均能順利產生主題符號。

Subject analysis is a task that involves subjective interpretation in the information organization task of libraries. Catalogers are often familiar with this task but also confused, which affects their understanding of subject analysis and the process and stages. Although there were previous studies on subjects and subject analysis, there are few discussions on more in-depth issues, such as the nature and subject analysis process. There is also a lack of understanding of how catalogers conduct the subject analysis process. In order to explore the nature of catalogers' subject analysis process, this study aims to deconstruct the nature of catalogers' subject analysis process and stage through the Sense-Making Theory to establish a sense-making model of subject analysis carried out by the cataloger and explore the interpreting results and differences in the scenarios, gaps, bridging strategies, and outcomes of the subject analysis process, further construct sense-making process through the Sense-Making Theory. This study adopts a qualitative research method, taking catalogers in the information organization departments of Taiwan's libraries with a collection of more than 1 million books as the research subjects, combining the think-aloud with the micro-moment time-line interview, observing and recording the catalogers' cataloging and subject analysis work, and conducting in-depth interviews to reveal the catalogers' viewpoints on subject analysis, their subject analysis processes and sense-making models. The result shows that the current cataloging environment is mainly based on copy cataloging, with less original cataloging. The catalogers' subject analysis processes are divided into copy and original processes, producing different processes and stages based on the subject codes of referenced bibliographic records. Based on this result, the subject analysis process sense-making models also present unique gaps, established bridging strategies, and similar subject analysis results caused by the copy or original situations of the subject analysis. In terms of situations, catalogers seldom conduct the original subject analysis process and may directly use subject codes or conduct some stages of the subject analysis copy process; in terms of gaps, the crucial gap is whether the catalogers can generate subject codes successfully and the essential gap is the lack of subject analysis knowledge such as language efficiency and domain knowledge; in terms of bridging, the strategies used tend to search for more reference resources to verify the applicability of the subject codes of the referenced bibliographic records and choose subject code control tools, such as classification scheme; in terms of results, the priority is completing the subject analysis task, and the analysis results are all successfully. With sense-making as the framework in this study, it is clear that when subject analysis is seen as a task that needs to be accomplished, Sense-Making Theory could be adopted to interpret the process and actions taken before reaching the goals.