缺乏無意識處理連續閃爍抑制下影像記憶性的證據

Abstract

先前的研究指出，刺激的記憶性（memorability）——即單次暴露後被記住的可能性——在個體之間具有一致性，且難以通過主動的認知努力加以控制。由於記憶性具有廣泛存在且無法自主控制的特性，本研究探討了記憶性是否可能是一種無意識的過程。在實驗一中，我們使用了突破連續閃爍抑制（breaking continuous flash suppression，簡稱bCFS）範式，測量高記憶性與低記憶性人臉圖像的可見性閾值，以推斷它們在無意識處理上的差異。結果顯示，與統計上顯著的種族熟悉效果相比，這兩組之間沒有差異。在實驗二中，我們成功在大規模樣本重現了先前關於記憶性的研究結果，但在較小的子集樣本中未發現統計上的可靠性，這表明記憶性分數可能僅在較大規模的研究中具有可靠性。在實驗三中，我們檢驗了記憶性分數與bCFS反應時間之間的相關性，分析了大量圖像，但未發現顯著的關聯性。綜上所述，我們的研究未能支持記憶性差異在連續閃爍抑制下的無意識處理中出現的假設。這表明，記憶性在認知處理中的變化可能主要發生於意識層面。未來研究需進一步探討成功記憶編碼的關鍵因素，並深入闡明記憶性在感知處理中的作用。

Prior studies indicate that the memorability of a stimulus, defined as the likelihood of it being remembered after a single exposure, remains consistent across individuals and is largely uncontrollable through top-down cognitive effort. Because of its pervasive and inherently involuntary nature, we investigated the potential for memorability to be an unconscious process in this study. In Experiment One, we used the breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS) paradigm to measure the visibility thresholds of high- and low-memorability face images, aiming to infer differences in their unconscious processing. The results revealed no difference between the two groups compared with the statistically significant race-familiarity effect. In Experiment Two, we replicated previous findings on memorability at a large scale but found no statistical reliability in a smaller subset, suggesting that memorability scores may only be reliable at larger scales. In Experiment Three, we examined the correlation between memorability scores and bCFS reaction times across a large set of images but found no significant relationship. In summary, our findings provide no evidence to support the hypothesis that memorability differences emerge during unconscious processing under CFS. This suggests that variations in memorability during cognitive processing likely arise at the conscious level. Future research is needed to identify the key factors contributing to successful memory encoding and to further elucidate the role of memorability in perceptual processing.