急性自由重量阻力運動介入對成人注意力缺陷過動症憂鬱、焦慮與額葉/頂葉不對稱之影響

Abstract

ADHD是最普及的神經發展型疾病之一，多數患者的症狀會持續至成年，成人患者多面臨生活、社會與人際挫折導致其有更高的憂鬱、焦慮共病乃至自殺風險。研究指出，運動介入不僅能改善ADHD患者的症狀，也能改善其情緒指標。近年也發現阻力訓練可以改善健康族群乃至憂鬱症、焦慮症等患者的憂鬱及焦慮指標。此外，腦波提供的額葉與頂葉不對稱指標或能進一步釐清運動介入後，情緒變化的機轉。鑑於目前仍未有阻力訓練與急性阻力運動介入與ADHD患者之相關研究，本研究目的為探討急性自由重量阻力介入對成人ADHD患者憂鬱、焦慮指標及額葉、頂葉不對稱之影響。方法：招募 20 至 40 歲ADHD成人患者，使用DASS-21與STAI-S評估參與者基線情緒，採隨機交叉設計，參與者須至實驗室2次進行控制情境與阻力運動介入。控制情境為訓練影片結合指導員口頭指導共 28分鐘；阻力運動情境為進行 40 分鐘（包括暖身與放鬆）之中至高強度背槓深蹲、槓鈴臥推、滑輪下拉與坐姿划船共12組，由兩位指導員提供指導與鼓勵。使用 5RM最大肌力推估訓練負荷，並由指導員及 RPE/RIR確保強度保持在高強度 (RPE/RIP 7-9)。並於介入前、後以及後 60分填寫 POMS-D與 STAI-S量表來收集憂鬱與焦慮指標，於介入前與後收集腦波。結果：16名ADHD成人參與者中，過半符合高憂鬱、焦慮指標，而阻力運動情境與對照情境皆在介入後顯著改善情緒，其效果維持至 60分鐘，但兩情境無顯著差距，額葉 (F3、F4、F7、F8) 與頂葉 (P3、P4、P7、P8) 不對稱之相對功率皆無顯著差距。結論：急性阻力運動與教學指導皆改善ADHD患者之憂鬱、焦慮指標，兩者無差異。腦波沒有任何變化。

Background: Adult ADHD is associated with higher risks of depression, anxiety comorbidities, and even suicide. Studies have shown that exercise interventions can improve ADHD symptoms and positively affect on well-being. Recent research suggests that resistance training may reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms in both healthy and those diagnosed with mood disorders. Additionally, frontal and parietal alpha asymmetry (brainwave activity) may help clarify the mechanisms behind these improvements. Given the lack of research on acute resistance exercise interventions for adults with ADHD, this study aims to investigate the effects of acute free-weight resistance training on depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as frontal and parietal alpha asymmetry in adults with ADHD. Methods: We recruited adult ADHD (aged 20 to 40) as participants. Baseline emotional states were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). A randomized crossover design was employed, consisting of two sessions: a control condition and a resistance exercise condition. The control condition involved a 28-minute instructional video combined with verbal guidance from trainers. The resistance exercise condition consisted of a 40-minute session (including warm-up and cool-down) of moderate-to-high intensity exercises, including back squat, barbell bench press, lat pulldown, and seated row. Training intensity was estimated using 5RM and monitored with RPE/RIR to maintain high-intensity levels (RPE/RIR 7-9). Participants completed the Profile of Mood States-Depression (POMS-D) and STAI-S questionnaires before, immediately after, and 60 minutes post-intervention to assess changes in mood. Brainwave data were collected before and after the interventions. Results: Over half of the 16 adult ADHD participants exhibited elevated depressive and anxiety indicators. Both the resistance exercise and control conditions significantly improved emotional states post-intervention, with these effects lasting up to 60 minutes. However, no significant differences were found between the two conditions. Similarly, there were no significant differences in frontal (F3, F4, F7, F8) and parietal (P3, P4, P7, P8) alpha asymmetry. Conclusion: Both acute resistance exercise and instructional guidance improved depressive and anxiety indicators in adults with ADHD, with no significant differences between the two interventions. However, no changes were observed in brainwave activity.