泰國吸引電動車外商直接投資的政策研究: 電動車支持政策與企業期望之間的不匹配

Abstract

由於泰國已設定雄心勃勃的目標，欲成為東南亞領先的電動車（EV）製造中心，因此，評估其EV投資政策與促進策略是否符合企業預期至關重要。本研究探討泰國吸引EV投資的政策，並分析政府政策與外資EV企業（特別是中國EV製造商）期望之間的錯配情況。

本研究採用混合方法（Mixed-Method）的個案研究方法，收集並分析來自官方政府公告及公開公司報告的次級數據。透過內容分析編碼系統（Content Analysis Coding System），評估政府措施與企業優先事項在OLI框架（Ownership, Location, and Internalization dimensions）下的一致性。研究結果顯示，中國EV製造商的主要動機為市場導向（Market-Seeking），高度關注當地市場需求及出口機會。儘管**稅務減免與獎勵（Tax Exemption and Incentives）**等財政支持措施受到政府與企業雙方的重視，但仍存在錯配現象。

政府更關注充電基礎設施（Charging Infrastructure）及研發（R&D），而企業對這些領域的重視程度較低。相較之下，企業更優先考慮供應鏈整合（Supply Chain Integration），但政府對此關注有限。因此，本研究建議泰國政府應強化市場需求、促進出口並提升供應鏈整合，以吸引EV企業的投資。

Since Thailand has set an ambitious goal to become a leading EV manufacturing hub in Southeast Asia, it is critical to determine whether its EV investment policies and promotion strategies align with business expectations. This study investigates Thailand's policies in attracting EV investment and explores the misalignment between government policies and the expectations of foreign EV firms, focusing on Chinese EV manufacturers. Using a Mixed-Method case study approach, the study collects and analyzes secondary data from official government announcements and publicly available company reports. A content analysis coding system was employed to evaluate the alignment between government initiatives and firm priorities within the OLI framework (Ownership, Location, and Internalization dimensions) The findings reveal that Chinese EV manufacturers are primarily motivated by market-seeking factors, focus heavily on local demand, and export opportunity. While financial support measure like tax exemption and incentive are valued by both sides. However, misalignment exists. The government places greater emphasis on charging infrastructure and research and development, which firms value less. Instead, companies prioritize supply chain integration, an area with limited government focus. It is suggested that Thailand’s Government should focus to build demand, facilitate export and leveraging supply chain integration to attract EV companies’ investment.