利用尖角化結構引導液體乾燥痕跡之精確進程以製作奈米與微米尺度圖形

Abstract

液體乾燥痕跡 (Liquiddryingtraces，LDTs) 的形成位置與形貌在許多功能性材料製備與圖案化技術中扮演關鍵角色。然而，受限於複雜的物理過程，傳統上往往仰賴液體內部的自發物理效應，或使用較為簡單的幾何佈局模板作為控制方法。在此，本研究提出了一種利用尖角圖案化的微柱模板以精準控制準二維結構中液體乾燥痕跡位置與方向性的有效策略，並且結合修正的拉普拉斯壓力模型，我們證明在利用微柱周圍的局部距離差異與尖角的幾何引導之下，可以創造水膜在不同位置形成液橋的穩定性差異，以實現乾燥痕跡在特定位置留下的選擇性。此外，同時各個乾燥環境參數對於液體乾燥痕跡的形貌與指向正確率也被深入探討，在適當的環境參數組合下，數百個微柱組成的不對稱複雜圖畫可以利用液橋準確臨摹。最後我們展示了通過同相原位轉換 (Homogeneous phase in situ transformation)，可將分子級的胺基酸與金屬鹽類等功能性材料前驅物進行乾燥後的原位轉換。這些結果顯示，本方法不僅可用於精密圖案製作，還可擴展至功能性材料的加工與應用，為蒸發光刻 (Evaporative lithography) 提供了一種高效且多功能的技術。

The formation and morphology of liquid drying traces (LDTs) play a pivotal role in numerous functional material fabrication and patterning techniques. However, due to the complexity of the underlying physical processes, traditional controlling approaches primarily rely on intrinsic physical effects or employ templates with simple layouts. In this study, we propose a strategy to precisely control the position and directionality of LDTs in quasi-two-dimensional porous media through vertex- protruding micropillar templates. Using a revised Laplace pressure model, we further demonstrate how local distance differences and vertex geometry create LDTs stability variations, enabling selective trace deposition at desired locations. We also systematically investigate drying parameters affecting LDTs morphology and directional accuracy. Under optimized conditions, asymmetrically complex drawings composed of hundreds of micropillars can be accurately replicated. Finally, we present a “homogeneous phase in situ transformation” for the synthesis of functional materials via a second step-induced post-drying conversion of functional material precursors, thus demonstrating not only the possibility for precise pattern fabrication but also a versatile approach for evaporative lithography.