青年女性參政者抵抗父權的身體論述策略

Abstract

本研究探討當代青年女性參政者如何透過身體論述策略，回應父權意識形態施加於己身，乃至社會中女性族群身上的壓迫。其中不同形象的青年女性參政者因生命經歷、面對的選民結構不同，主體化歷程也會有所殊異，他們如何在政治場域中採取身體論述策略，以實踐個人性別意識，為本研究之核心命題。 本研究回顧了重要的女性主義思潮，以及Foucault的「倫理主體」相關文獻，釐清在新自由主義時代背景下，權力關係中的抵抗可能在哪個節點發生。基於上述理論，本研究參考女性抵抗父權的策略、利用身體傳達理念的策略，及個體如何經歷主體化等經驗研究，從中發展出研究架構，並決定採取深度訪談法及符號學分析來回應研究問題。 本研究共訪談五位青年女性參政者，並搜集他們在官方社群專頁上上傳的圖文加以分析，於研究結果篇幅歸納三類不同形象的青年女性參政者所採取的身體論述策略。在過往研究的基礎上，提煉出「合宜的美」、「以子之矛，攻子之盾」、「中性化表現」、「轉移性別焦點」、「凸顯身體特質」、「反證法」等多種身體論述策略，闡釋三類青年女性參政者不同於過往研究的面向。本研究也發現，研究對象生命史中的每個性別經驗，都影響了研究對象性別意識的形成，和後續身體論述策略的運用。 雖然本研究的青年女性參政者不採納傳統女性政治人物的形象管理策略，但他們仍符合父權體制為女性政治人物設下的大原則，也就是「不能太醜也不能太美」，在抵抗父權和與之協商的經驗中盡可能收獲民意、贏得選舉。

This study explores how young female politicians adopt body discourse strategies to resist the patriarchal ideology imposed upon them and, by extension, on women in society. Young female politicians, with different public images shaped by varying life experiences and constituencies, experience distinct processes of subjectification. The study’s central question examines how they adopt body discourse strategies within the political field to express their gender awareness. This study reviews waves of feminism and Foucault’s concept of the “ethical subject,” identifying where resistance may emerge within power dynamics under neoliberal age. Based on the theoretical framework, this study also reviews existing research on women’s resistance to patriarchy, body discourse strategies, and subjectification. It employs in-depth interview and semiotic analysis to respond to the research questions. In this study, five young female politicians were interviewed, and texts and images collected from their official social media pages were analyzed. The results highlight the body discourse strategies of young female politicians with three different public images. Strategies such as “Appropriate beauty,” “Attacking an opponent using his own devices,” “Gender-neutral expression,” “Shifting gender focus,” “Highlighting body features,” and “Proof by contradiction” are elaborated. This study also reveals that gender experiences throughout the participants’ lives shape their gender awareness and body discourse strategies. While the young female politicians in this study do not adhere to the conventional image management strategies of traditional female politicians, they still conform to the patriarchal norms for women in politics, which dictates that they “must be neither too unattractive nor too beautiful.” Through resistance and negotiation with patriarchal norms, they strive to earn public support and succeed in elections.