具療育效益的景觀植物配置

Abstract

植物蘊含多元的文化意涵與療育效益，若能在綠地景觀中選用具有療育效益的植物，可在加強生理療育效果的同時，豐富植物意涵，起到文化加值效果，從而提升景觀的獨特性與功能性。本研究基於前人文獻中提及的植物生心理療育功效，蒐集並篩選了30種種適合臺灣平地環境應用，且具有良好療育效益之景觀植物，依據植物的種類，分為喬木、灌木、草本植物三類，並對其生心理療育功效進行詳細介紹，內容包括植物學基本習性(基本形態、環境適應性、植物特點、常見用途等)、生理療育功效(食用藥用功能、空氣淨化功效、芬多精精油功效等)以及心理療育功效(社會人文屬性、風水文化屬性等)。 在整理出的植物資料基礎上，以應用為主要導向，建立了一份涵蓋生理和心理兩種療育方向的植物功效表，其中生理應用方向著重於促進人體生理健康恢復與改善生活區域環境，心理應用方向基於人類社會生活中的「八大欲求」。此外針對不同觀賞季節、不同場景中主要活動群體來具體推薦適用的植物配置方案，如校園場景以提神、紓緩壓力、促進學業為主，可推薦樟樹、桂花等植物，公園場景注重抗氧化、空氣淨化與親情象徵，可適用含笑、萱草等。辦公場所側重紓壓與事業運提升，可選紫薇、月橘等植物。藉此來形成具有療育效益的景觀植物配置方案。 為進一步探討不同場景下療育性景觀植物的實際應用效果與可行性，具體選取了臺北醫學大學校門、臺灣師範大學行政大樓入口、文盛公園入口以及臺電大樓入口四處區域進行案例分析，並通過影像模擬將療育性景觀植物應用於其中，如在校園入口配置紫薇、樹蘭、菊花以達到消炎殺菌、寓意考試順利的療育效果；在公園入口選擇含笑、菖蒲、朱蕉、萱草以實現健康與親情的療育氛圍。在辦公場所入口配置杜鵑、山茶、粗肋草等，來滿足紓壓與提升事業運的功效需求。以實際案例來展示療育性景觀植物的應用效果，提供兼具景觀美質和療育效益之植栽配置形式參考。 總而言之，療育性景觀植物在景觀配置中的應用具有良好的應用前景。選擇適合臺灣平地環境的療育景觀植物，可以有針對性地打造不同效果主題的療育景觀，進而在提升環境美觀的同時，提供觀賞者多層次的生理和心理療育效果。由此提供實際案例分析，為主題性療育景觀的植物選用提供參考，進一步完善療育性景觀植物配置的選用指南與應用策略。

Plants embody diverse cultural connotations and therapeutic benefits. Selecting therapeutic plants for use in green space landscapes can simultaneously enhance physiological therapeutic effects, enrich the cultural symbolism of plants, and achieve cultural value-added impacts, thereby improving the uniqueness and functionality of landscapes. Based on a review of previous literature discussing the physiological and psychological therapeutic effects of plants, this study collected and screened 30 species of landscape plants suitable for Taiwan's flatland environments, all with notable therapeutic benefits. These plants were categorized into three groups—trees, shrubs, and herbs—and their therapeutic properties were comprehensively analyzed. The analysis included the plants’ basic botanical characteristics (morphology, environmental adaptability, botanical features, common uses, etc.), physiological therapeutic effects (e.g., edible and medicinal functions, air purification benefits, phytoncide effects), and psychological therapeutic effects (e.g., social and cultural attributes, feng shui symbolism). Based on the compiled plant data, a plant efficacy table was developed with a focus on practical applications, encompassing both physiological and psychological therapeutic directions. The physiological applications emphasize promoting human health recovery and improving the living environment, while the psychological applications are aligned with the "eight desires" of human social life. Additionally, specific plant configuration plans are recommended for different ornamental seasons and activity groups in various settings. For instance, in campus environments, plants like camphor and osmanthus are suggested to enhance focus, relieve stress, and promote academic performance. In parks, where the focus is on antioxidant properties, air purification, and symbols of familial affection, plants such as Michelia and daylilies are suitable. In office spaces, where stress relief and career success are priorities, plants like crape myrtle and Orange Jasmine are recommended. These recommendations aim to establish therapeutic plant configuration plans with significant reference value. To further explore the practical application and feasibility of therapeutic plants in different scenarios, this study conducted case analyses in four selected locations: the entrance of Taipei Medical University, the entrance of the administrative building at National Taiwan Normal University, the entrance of Wensheng Park, and the entrance of the Taipower Building. Through image simulations, therapeutic plants were applied to these settings. For instance, at campus entrances, plants such as crape myrtle, mock lime, and chrysanthemums were arranged to achieve anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects while symbolizing success in examinations. At park entrances, Michelia, sweet flags, Common Dracena, and daylilies were chosen to create a therapeutic atmosphere emphasizing health and familial affection. At office entrances, plants such as azaleas, camellias, and schefflera were utilized to meet the needs of stress relief and career advancement. These case studies demonstrate the application effects of therapeutic plants, providing a reference for plant configuration designs that integrate aesthetic qualities and therapeutic benefits. In summary, the application of therapeutic plants in landscape design holds significant potential. By selecting therapeutic landscape plants suitable for Taiwan's flatland environments, it is possible to create themed therapeutic landscapes with targeted effects. These designs not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of the environment but also provide viewers with multi-dimensional physiological and psychological therapeutic benefits. Through practical case studies, this research offers valuable references for the selection of plants in thematic therapeutic landscapes, contributing to the refinement of guidelines and strategies for the selection and application of therapeutic plant configurations.