以社會性基礎設施的觀點探討南機場整建住宅地區的都市更新與都市再生

Abstract

現行的都市更新制度僅保障所有權人的權益，忽略對於租戶居住權的保障。南機場整建住宅地區因弱勢居民及租戶的比例較高，其所受影響尤為嚴重。因此，本研究旨在探討南機場整宅地區在剷除重建式的都市更新之外，其他具有潛力與包容性的都市再生方式。 首先，本研究將以Jacobs提出之「去貧民窟化」概念，檢視南機場公辦都更的問題，並探討漸進、有機的空間改造模式如何可能。同時，本研究聚焦於南機場地區內三個不同於都市更新的再生模式，包含南機場二期整宅地下室民間組織的經營模式、忠勤里里長的創新社福模式，以及忠義國小的轉型過程。本研究結合社會性基礎設施的概念，討論這三個案例如何形成支持不同群體的空間。 研究方法上，本研究透過訪談的方式，針對在地居民、組織成員與利害關係人，探討這些空間如何產生與運作的機制，以及對社區帶來的實質影響。同時，本研究也藉由參與式觀察，在筆者協助社區據點送餐的過程中，藉由觀察與互動，探討里長的創新模式對於高齡長者的支持作用。 本研究藉由不同模式的比較分析，指出南機場二期整宅地下室的營運與里長的創新社福模式，展現地方由下而上的力量。他們透過逐步修繕空間，提供支持與照顧脆弱群體與弱勢群體的空間。而忠義國小的轉型，顯示學校空間的再利用可透過政府跨部門協作以及民間共同參與，成功在基礎設施轉型過程中融入社區需求。然而，這些案例也反映弱勢社區再生的困境，需要外部組織的協助或是政府部門的引導，較難由內部的居民推動。最後，本研究透過不同模式的探討，期望提供都市再生政策更具包容性的觀點，回應弱勢社區的真實狀況與需求。

The current urban renewal system primarily safeguards the rights of property owners while neglecting the housing rights of tenants. In the Nanjichang resettlement area, where a high proportion of disadvantaged residents and tenants reside, this issue is particularly pronounced. Therefore, this study aims to explore alternative and more inclusive urban regeneration approaches beyond demolition-based urban renewal. First, this research applies Jacobs' concept of "unslumming" to examine the challenges of government-led urban renewal in Nanjichang and investigates the potential of gradual and organic spatial transformation. It further focuses on three regeneration models distinct from traditional urban renewal: the operational model of community organizations in the Nanjichang Phase II basement, the innovative social welfare approach implemented by the head of Zhongqin Vil, and the transformation of Zhong-Yi Elementary School. By integrating the concept of social infrastructure, this study analyzes how these cases create spaces that support various social groups. Methodologically, this research employs in-depth interviews with local residents, organizational members, and stakeholders to explore the mechanisms behind the creation and operation of these spaces, as well as their tangible impacts on the community. Additionally, participatory observation is utilized, particularly through the author's involvement in meal delivery services at a local community center, to examine how the innovative model of the neighborhood leader provides crucial support for elderly residents. Through comparative analysis, this study highlights the bottom-up initiatives demonstrated in the management of the Phase II basement and the innovative social welfare model of the neighborhood leader. These efforts involve the gradual renovation of spaces to provide care and support for vulnerable and marginalized groups. Meanwhile, the transformation of Zhong-Yi Elementary School illustrates how the adaptive reuse of school spaces can successfully integrate community needs through interdepartmental government collaboration and civil society participation. However, these cases also reveal the challenges of regenerating disadvantaged communities, which often require external organizational support or government intervention, as internally driven efforts by residents alone may be insufficient. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute a more inclusive perspective on urban regeneration policies by addressing the real conditions and needs of disadvantaged communities, offering alternative approaches that move beyond demolition-based renewal.