測繪孿生結合數值模擬模型精進山岳隧道施工監測探討

Abstract

施工監測為現代化隧道工法確保地質不確定性造成不利影響重要防線，考慮設備與成本，常採隧道數倍開挖直徑佈置監測斷面，難免疏漏。隨著雷射掃描技術(LiDAR又稱光達)發展成熟，地面光達已可以快速、精準且全面性地蒐集隧道三維空間資訊，透過不同時期點雲差異量分析方法可求得隧道周壁變位，作為監測隧道變位的依據，然隧道掃描結果能補足傳統隧道控制點監測資料不足之現象，其隧道監測變位結果充滿不確定性。 本研究使用地面光達測繪技術應用於山岳隧道蒐集施工階段定期重複掃描之隧道三維空間資訊建立動態隧道數位孿生模型，並透過點雲差異分析建置施工測繪孿生模型，為掌握測繪孿生模型之精度，再透過現地全尺度試驗評估其測繪孿生模型精度，最後建立整合測繪孿生模型與施工開挖數值模擬模型，迅速比較周壁變位以評估施工反應的監測流程，同時選定一案例隧道，透過掃描案例隧道建立點雲模型產製測繪孿生模型，並透過實驗確定其模型精度，最後整合數值模型與測繪模型進行隧道開挖周壁變位評估測試，完善其整合模型應用於隧道工程之流程。 本研究透過將不同資料來源之模型整合至同一平台上，使使用者更直觀地檢視隧道施工資訊，並透過整合模型提供施工反應之參考，有助於其施工決策並減少施工時間成本，並可以利用本研究建立之數位孿生模型進行後續隧道驗收、維護、營運管理。

Construction monitoring is a crucial safeguard against the adverse impacts of geological uncertainties in modern tunnel construction methods. Considering equipment and cost, monitoring sections are often placed several times the tunnel's excavation diameter, inevitably leading to omissions. With the advancement of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, terrestrial LiDAR can now rapidly, accurately, and comprehensively collect three-dimensional spatial information of tunnels. By analyzing the differences between point clouds at different time periods, the deformation of tunnel walls can be determined, serving as a basis for monitoring tunnel deformation. However, while tunnel scanning results can supplement the deficiencies of traditional tunnel control point monitoring data, the deformation monitoring results obtained from tunnel scanning are subject to uncertainties. This study applies terrestrial LiDAR surveying technology to collect three-dimensional spatial information of mountain tunnels through repeat-pass scanning during the construction phase to establish a dynamic digital twin model of the tunnel. By analyzing the differences between point clouds, a construction surveying digital twin model is constructed. To grasp the accuracy of the surveying digital twin model, full-scale field tests are conducted. Finally, an integrated monitoring process is established by integrating the surveying digital twin model with the numerical simulation model of tunnel excavation to quickly compare the wall deformation and evaluate the construction response. Also, a case tunnel is selected to produce a surveying digital twin model through scanning. The accuracy of the model is determined through experiments. Finally, the numerical model and the surveying model are integrated to evaluate the wall deformation of tunnel excavation By integrating models from different data sources onto the same platform, this study enables users to more intuitively view tunnel construction information. Moreover, the integrated model provides a reference for construction response, aiding in construction decision-making and reducing construction time and costs. Furthermore, the digital twin model established in this study can be used for subsequent tunnel acceptance, maintenance, and operation management.