中國與東協國家區域整合的政治經濟分析

Abstract

亞洲區域的整合自冷戰以降，在不同歷史階段產生不同的整合架構，受到冷戰意識形態的限制，海洋東南亞與大陸東南亞與中國的互動自冷戰初期開始分歧。但中國與東南亞區域的整合也在冷戰結束後產生變化，其中最關鍵的莫過於中美建交、東亞金融危機的發生，以及中國與東協國家之間網狀式的微區域合作計畫。 受限於冷戰架構以及自身組織的偏差，東協在冷戰後亟欲尋找新的方向與出路，同時，美國也試圖再圍堵中國的擴張，迫使中國將對外的觸角轉及東南亞國家。雙方的目標一觸即合，中國與東協國家的政治與經貿整合於1997年金融危機後急速成長。東協國家對於外部國家的權力角力，一向以在各大權力之間取得平衡為應對方針，以追求東協本身利益的極大化。但當中國在東亞整合過程中逐漸取得主導地位之際，東協國家在整合過程中有喪失其主導權之虞。

The integration in Asia has had many phases during the course of history. From the beginning of Cold War, the Southeast Asian region was divided in the two camps. Following the end of Cold War, so came the end of the division of the region. At the same time, China, under the pressure of containment strategy from the U.S., seeks an outlet for its newly developed export-led economy. The integration between China and the ASEAN states witnessed a rapid growth following the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. From then on China slowly (but surely) gains its dominance through various multilateral agreements on trade, regional cooperation and regional development. ASEAN’s strategy in the process of integration has always been seeking the balance of power in the region. This strategy is gradually being undermined with the wake of China’s rise to regional dominance.