訴訟外紛爭解決機制於工程履約爭議之研究 －以調解制度為中心

Abstract

本論文主要探討工程契約履約爭議之訴訟外紛爭解決機制，特別是調解制度的運用。目前訴訟案件的數量每年都在上升，司法資源明顯不足，而工程履約爭議具有技術性高，標的金額大，且當事人間需要維持關係等特色，而訴訟制度之效率較差、花費高且衝突性高，較不適合解決工程履約爭議。然而，如通過調解或仲裁等訴訟外紛爭解決制度，有機會能提供一種更為高效且友善的程序，以減輕法院負擔並促進雙方當事人之合作關係。本論文之研究目的，包含探討現行工程履約爭議之紛爭解決制度運作現況與適用性問題，評估程序參與者對於不同紛爭解決機制的主觀經驗與評價，以提出現行紛爭解決制度之改良建議。 本論文採用綜合性研究方法，包括文獻閱讀、問卷調查和半結構式訪談等三個主要部分。文獻閱讀方面，涵蓋了民法、訴訟法、調解法、工程契約法、政府採購法及相關經濟學理論的教科書和論文。問卷調查則針對工程契約履約爭議中程序參與者的經驗與評價進行資料收集，旨在驗證研究假設。訪談部分選取了多位具有不同背景的專家，包括法務主管、教授、律師和技師等，以立意取樣的方式確保受訪者背景與觀點的多元性。根據研究結果顯示，大部分受訪者認為現行的調解制度在工程履約爭議中具有相當的優勢，特別是在減少時間和費用成本方面有優勢，且專業性較高。調解過程中，雙方當事人能夠在第三方的協助下，自主協商達成一致，從而提高了履行協議的意願和後續合作的可能性。 為了進一步提升調解制度的效能，本論文為未來我國相關制度的改進提供了個人建議，包含應該儘速完備調解法制，並在維繫當事人自主之前提下，強化調解制度並使之專業化，以及鼓勵專業調解機構與調解人制度之建立，祈能促進我國訴訟外紛爭解決機制之持續發展與完善。

This essay primarily explores Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms for resolving performance disputes in construction contracts, with a particular focus on the application of mediation. The number of litigation cases is increasing annually, and judicial resources are evidently insufficient. Construction performance disputes are characterized by their high technical complexity, substantial monetary value, and the need to maintain relationships between parties. The litigation process is often inefficient, costly, and adversarial, making it less suitable for resolving construction performance disputes. Conversely, ADR mechanisms such as mediation or arbitration offer the potential for more efficient and amicable procedures, which can alleviate the burden on courts and promote cooperative relationships between parties. The purpose of this essay includes exploring the current operational status and applicability issues of the existing dispute resolution systems for construction performance disputes, evaluating the subjective experiences and assessments of participants in different dispute resolution mechanisms, and proposing recommendations for improving the current dispute resolution system. This essay employs a comprehensive research methodology encompassing three main components: literature review, questionnaire survey, and semi-structured interviews. The literature review covers textbooks and scholarly articles on civil law, procedural law, mediation law, contract law, government procurement law, and relevant economic theories. The questionnaire survey collects data on the experiences and evaluations of participants involved in the dispute resolution process of construction contract performance disputes, aiming to verify the research hypotheses. The interview portion includes experts from various backgrounds, such as legal managers, professors, lawyers, and engineers, selected through purposive sampling to ensure diversity in respondent backgrounds and perspectives. According to the research findings, most respondents believe that the current mediation system offers significant advantages in resolving engineering performance disputes, particularly in terms of reducing time and cost. During the mediation process, parties can independently negotiate and reach agreements with the assistance of a third party, thereby enhancing the willingness to fulfill agreements and the potential for future cooperation. To further enhance the effectiveness of the mediation system, this essay provides personal recommendations for improving the relevant systems in Taiwan. It is suggested that the mediation legal framework be promptly perfected. Moreover, under the premise of maintaining party autonomy, the mediation system should be strengthened and professionalized, including the encouragement of the establishment of professional mediation institutions and the mediator system. These efforts aim to promote the continuous development and improvement of alternative dispute resolution procedures in Taiwan.