當風光進入芳苑：綠能作為資源前沿下的空間競奪與競合

Abstract

2016年起，台灣的中央政府將再生能源納入能源結構中，推動非核家園的能源轉型政策，風力發電和太陽光電成為政府和廠商業者積極發展的再生能源類型。然而，由於風電和光電都是需要仰賴土地作為發展根基的資源類型(land-based resource)，故當在國家尺度的能源政策推動下，要實際落實在各種地方空間尺度的再生能源選址規劃與開發時，如何選出合適的場址，便成為重要的課題。因可用的土地資源有限，除了挑選閒置或地力不良的土地，尋求和原有土地利用共生共存也成為選址的主要策略，例如漁電共生政策。 彰化縣沿海行政區芳苑鄉和大城鄉，2008年曾在國光石化的選址下，擬圈地其沿海地區進行開發，十年後此一地帶，再度由以象徵環境友善的綠色能源風力發電和太陽光電，作為新的資源前沿(Resource Frontier)，重新思考如何開發這片土地和海域，便產生與原有陸域養殖池和潮間帶水產養殖活動，及海域的海洋生態系與漁業活動，在同一空間相互競奪土地資源的狀況。 如何從空間競奪邁向空間競合，亦成為再生能源進入芳苑鄉的選址與發展課題。藉由2018年至2020年進入田野過程中發現，為了順利取得開發場域及降低對利害關係人的影響，土地的產權為何與界線，成為尋求空間競合的重要關鍵。然而，當劃界在具有流動性質的水域空間如養殖池、潮間帶和海域中，如何界定對利害關係人的影響與補償，變得難以界定清楚而模糊。擁有土地產權或承租土地的產權擁有差異，也造就與再生能源業者協商空間競合的話語權大小。儘管綠能選址的空間競奪案例仍延續著，藉由本研究也發現，風力發電和太陽光電以新的資源前沿進入芳苑鄉圈地發展綠能，並非只是單純的綠色掠奪，對養殖業者來說，也可能是一種產業衰微的新興解方與資源，並企圖共同尋求空間競合的可能。

Since 2016, Taiwan's central government has incorporated renewable energy into the energy structure and promoted energy transformation policies for a non-nuclear homeland. Wind power and solar photovoltaics have become renewable energy types that the government and manufacturers are actively developing. However, since wind power and photovoltaics are both land-based resources that rely on land as the foundation for development, renewable energy site selection planning at various local spatial scales must be actually implemented under the promotion of national-scale energy policies. When developing a project, how to select a suitable site becomes an important issue. Due to limited available land resources, in addition to selecting idle or poor land, seeking symbiosis with the original land use has also become the main strategy for site selection, such as the fishery and electricity symbiosis policy. Fangyuan Township and Dacheng Township in the Coastal Administrative District of Changhua County were planned to enclose their coastal areas for development under the site selection of Guoguang Petrochemical in 2008. Ten years later, this area was once again powered by wind power and wind power, a symbol of environmentally friendly green energy. Solar photovoltaics, as a new resource frontier, rethinks how to develop this land and sea area, which will lead to the original terrestrial breeding ponds and intertidal zone aquaculture activities, as well as the marine ecosystem and fishery activities in the sea area. The situation of competing for land resources in the same space. How to move from spatial competition to spatial coexistence has also become a site selection and development issue for renewable energy entering Fangyuan Township. Through the process of entering the field from 2018 to 2020, I discovered that in order to successfully obtain development sites and reduce the impact on stakeholders, the property rights and boundaries of land have become important keys to seeking spatial coexistence. However, when the demarcation is in fluid water spaces such as breeding ponds, intertidal zones and sea areas, it becomes difficult and vague to define the impact and compensation on stakeholders. The difference in ownership of land property rights or leased land also creates the right to speak in negotiating spatial competition with renewable energy companies. Although the spatial competition in green energy site selection continues, this study also found that wind power and solar photovoltaics have entered the Fangyuan Township enclosure as a new resource frontier to develop green energy. This is not just a simple green plunder, but also has a negative impact on farmers In other words, it may also be an emerging solution and resource for industrial decline, and an attempt to jointly seek the possibility of spatial cooperation.