室內二氧化碳與PM2.5濃度監測指標選擇與工程介入探討-以台北市某大學為例

Abstract

自2020年9月以來，新冠肺炎疫情迅速蔓延全球。隨著疫情趨緩，台灣衛生福利部疾病管制署於2022年12月放寬各項防疫規定，例如室內強制佩戴口罩。然而，防疫規定的鬆綁導致人們逐漸忘記新冠肺炎帶來的後果，同時對其他空氣傳播疾病的警覺性下降。因此，本研究以台北市某大學教室為例探討室內二氧化碳濃度與PM2.5於不同情況之濃度，探討何者可以作為室內監測的首要指標。 在本研究中使用空氣品質偵測機監測教室內PM2.5與二氧化碳濃度並利用整體通風方程式與Wells-Riley方程式作為後續行政管理與工程介入的指標。研究結果發現室內PM2.5濃度主要受大氣環境與地理位置影響，二氧化碳濃度則主要受室內人數、排風扇使用與換氣量影響。教室不同課程間應有足夠的空堂時間並同時使用機械通風設備，以降低室內二氧化碳濃度。僅採用行政管理措施例如延長下課時間，在恢復上課後室內二氧化碳濃度仍超過建議值。在工程介入後可以使室內二氧化碳濃度降低至建議值以下，同時利用Wells-Riley計算結果得知使用機械通風後疾病傳播風險大幅降低。綜合上述，本研究得出的結論為建議室內環境監測應以二氧化碳濃度為首選指標，在考量行政管理與工程介入時，應以工程介入為主，行政管理為輔，可以有效地降低教室內老師與學生的感染風險。

Since September 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread worldwide. As the pandemic eased, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control relaxed various preventive measures in December 2022, such as the indoor mask mandate. However, the relaxation of these measures has led people to gradually forget the consequences of COVID-19 and to become less vigilant about other airborne transmission diseases. Therefore, this study uses a classroom at a university in Taipei as an example to investigate the concentrations of indoor CO2 and PM2.5 under different conditions. It aims to determine the primary indicator for indoor monitoring post-pandemic and to evaluate changes in CO2 and PM2.5 concentrations after the implementation of control measures. This study used air quality monitors to measure PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations under various conditions in the classroom. The general ventilation exhaust equation and the Wells-Riley equation were used as indicators for subsequent administrative management and engineering interventions. The results showed that indoor PM2.5 concentrations were mainly influenced by atmospheric conditions and geographical location, while CO2 concentrations were primarily affected by the number of people indoors, the use of exhaust fans, and ventilation rates. It is recommended that there should be sufficient break time between different classes, and mechanical ventilation equipment should be used during these breaks to reduce indoor CO2 concentrations and the risk of airborne transmission disease. Solely relying on administrative measures, such as extending break times, is insufficient, as indoor CO2 concentrations would still exceed recommended levels once classes resume. Therefore, administrative management should not be the sole control measure. Engineering interventions can reduce indoor CO2 concentrations to below recommended levels. The Wells-Riley equation results indicate that mechanical ventilation significantly lowers the risk of disease transmission. In conclusion, this study suggests that CO2 concentration should be the primary indicator for indoor environment monitoring. When considering both administrative and engineering interventions, priority should be given to engineering solutions, with administrative measures as a supplement, to effectively reduce infection risk for teachers and students in classrooms.