評估臺北市區摩托車騎士低碳介入措施的效益

Abstract

都市地區面臨來自交通和工業的細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)及碳排放問題，對氣候變化造成影響。推廣低碳運輸方式如騎自行車和使用電動車，對於減少排放和改善公共健康至關重要。本研究旨在評估交通介入措施對大學校園內碳排放、健康和PM2.5的影響。 本研究招募定期使用燃油機車通學的在學學生，進行了一項兩階段的低碳介入試驗，包括騎自行車和使用共享電動機車。第一階段為自行車階段(第一與二週)，收集參與者在工作日通勤時佩戴健康監測手錶和低成本空污監測器，收集連續兩週健康指標和空氣污染物監測數據。第二階段為共享電動機車階段(第三與四週)，追蹤參與者使用共享電動機車的情況，並評估介入後的改變意願。在兩個階段期間，進行了碳排放計算和問卷調查，以收集介入期前、中和後的通勤數據。 本研究包括21名參與者（17名男性和4名女性），年齡集中在23-24歲之間，並且在試驗結束時，有61.9%的參與者表示願意改變其通勤行為，轉向低碳選項，如自行車通勤。關於碳排放，低碳通勤介入後總交通排放量減少了65%。總體而言，自行車階段的碳排放為0 kg CO2e，而電動機車階段的碳排放為0.21±0.08 kg CO2e。PM2.5濃度於介入期間的結果顯示，自行車通勤的第一階段平均PM2.5濃度範圍在5.27到26.14 μg/m³之間。在健康指標中，對血壓和血氧的影響無顯著差異。在混合模型分析中，HRV-RMSSD在第9天和第10天顯著改善，顯示出規律增加身體活動對健康的正面影響。 低碳通勤介入能有效減少碳排放並改善健康指標。儘管暴露於PM2.5，增加的體力活動仍顯示出健康益處。未來的研究應擴大樣本量，並考慮不同通勤模式的長期影響，以進一步了解低碳通勤對環境和健康的綜合影響。

Urban areas face fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon emissions from traffic and industry, impacting climate change. Promoting low-carbon transport such as cycling and electric vehicles is crucial, as it reduces emissions and improves public health. The study aims to evaluate the impact of transportation interventions on carbon emissions, health and PM2.5 at the National Taiwan University campus. Participants who regularly commuted using fuel motorcycles were selected for a two-stage intervention involving cycling and electric scooter use. The first stage involved cycling, where participants were provided bicycles to use for their commutes during weekdays. Over two weeks, data related to their health and pollution exposure were collected through smart health watch and low-cost sensor devices. The second stage of the study focused on the use of shared electric scooters. This stage aimed to assess the adaptability of participants to this mode of transport after the cycling intervention. Throughout both stages, assessments of carbon emissions and online surveys were conducted to gather comprehensive data before, during, and after the intervention period. The study sample comprised 21 participants (17 males and 4 females) aged between 23-24 years. At the end of the trial, 61.9% of participants expressed willingness to change their commuting behavior to adopt low-carbon options such as bicycles. In terms of carbon emissions, the total transportation emissions decreased by 65% following the low-carbon commuting intervention. Specifically, the carbon emissions during the bicycle stage were 0 kg CO2e, and during the electric scooter stage, carbon emission were 0.19±0.08 kg CO2e. The results showed that the average PM2.5 concentration during bicycle commuting in the first Stage ranged from 5.27 to 26.14 μg/m³. Regarding health indicators, the health impact on blood pressure and blood oxygen levels was not statistically significant. In mixed model analysis, HRV-RMSSD showed statistically improvements on Days 9 and 10, indicating the positive impact of regular physical activity on health. Low-carbon commuting interventions effectively reduce carbon emissions and improve health indicators. Despite PM2.5 exposure, increased physical activity still shows health benefits. Future research should expand the sample size and consider the long-term impacts of different commuting modes to further understand the comprehensive effects of low-carbon commuting on the environment and health.