遠距工作者的工作狀況與身心健康調查研究

Abstract

研究目的:遠距工作者可能因工作環境、主管遠端監控、長期使用資通訊技術進行工作等因素而產生身心健康上的問題，但臺灣現有的文獻較少關注遠距工作者 的工作與身心健康狀況。本研究首先針對臺灣的遠距工作者進行網路問卷調查， 探討遠距工作者之工作狀況與身心健康狀況之關聯性，進而以 2022 年勞動部的 調查資料做為對照，比較遠距工作者與一般工作者在工作與身心健康上的差異。 研究方法:本研究於 2024 年 3 月 6 日至 2024 年 3 月 27 日進行網路問卷的收案，研究對象為有固定雇主的受僱者，且一週有三天或以上不需進辦公室工作、 遠距工作年資滿一年或以上，且調查時仍持續遠距工作之 20-65 歲的遠距工作 者。問卷內容包含基本人口學資料、工作狀況與身心健康。本研究共回收有效樣本383 份，並與勞動部在 2022 年進行的「勞動環境安全衛生認知調查」進行描 述性比較分析。接著以複羅吉斯回歸模型，分析遠距工作者的工作狀況與身心健康之相關。另將本調查 383 位受訪者依其性別、年齡，自勞動部 2022 年「勞動環境安全衛生認知調查」選取配對樣本，針對眼睛痠痛、肌肉骨骼疼痛、自評健康狀況與心理健康狀況進行複羅吉斯回歸分析。 研究結果:遠距工作者多集中於 25-34 歲(59.27%)，並以大學學歷(69.19%) 為多數;行業以專業、科學及技術服務業(29.77%)為最多;職業則以專業人員 (56.92%)與白領技術人員(27.15%)為多數;公司規模多為中大型公司，員工與主管多居住於北部地區;多數遠距工作者對遠距工作的滿意度高，並傾向日後繼續採遠距或部分遠距的工作型態。複羅吉斯回歸中發現每日平均工時≥ 10 小時的遠距工作者，心理健康不佳的風險顯著高於每日平均工時< 10 小時的遠距工作者。平均總年收入 40-65 萬與 65 萬以上的遠距工作者在眼睛痠痛、肌肉骨骼疼痛 與心理健康不佳的風險皆顯著高於平均總年收入未滿 40 萬的遠距工作者。員工能參與決定是否遠距工作的遠距工作者在眼睛痠痛與肌肉骨骼疼痛的風險顯著低於由主管決定的遠距工作者。相較一般工作者而言，遠距工作者產生眼睛不適問題較高、肌肉骨骼問題較高與心理健康不佳。複羅吉斯回歸則顯示進行遠距工作的工作者，其眼睛痠痛、肌肉骨骼疼痛與心理健康不佳的風險均顯著高於一般工作者。 結論:本研究發現每日平均工時、平均總年收入與遠距工作自願性皆會影響遠距工作者的身心健康，且多數遠距工作者都希望能夠繼續全遠距工作或大部分時間遠距工作，但研究也發現遠距工作者在身體健康與心理健康狀況相較一般工作者皆明顯較不佳，期能藉由此研究提升國內對於遠距工作者健康的關注，尤其考量遠距工作型態日益盛行。

Objective: Teleworkers may experience physical health and mental health issues due to factors such as their work environment, remote supervision by supervisors, and long-term use of information and communication technology (ICT) for work. However, existing literature in Taiwan has rarely examined their work conditions and health status. This study first conducted an online survey of teleworkers in Taiwan to explore the relationship between teleworkers' work conditions and their physical and mental health and then compared these findings with data from the 2022 Ministry of Labor survey to examine the differences in work conditions and health status between teleworkers and general workers. Methods: This study conducted an online survey from March 6, 2024, to March 27, 2024, targeting employed individuals aged 20-65 years who have fixed employers, work remotely for three or more days per week, have at least one year of telework experience, and continue to telework at the time of the survey. The questionnaire included basic demographics, work conditions, physical and mental health. A total of 383 valid samples were collected and descriptively compared with findings of a nationwide survey of general workers conducted by the Ministry of Labor in 2022. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between teleworkers' work conditions and their physical and mental health. Furthermore, an age- and sex- matched sample was drawn from the nationwide survey to facilitate comparison analyses between teleworkers and general workers on eye strain, musculoskeletal pain, self-assessed health status, and mental health status. Results: Our findings indicated that teleworkers were mainly young people in the 25-34 age range (59.27%), and mostly held a university degree (69.19%). The majority of them were professionals (56.92%) and white-collar skilled workers (27.15%) in the professional, scientific, and technical service industries (29.77%), and their firm sizes were mostly medium to large, and teleworkers and supervisors were mostly located in the northern region of Taiwan. Most teleworkers were highly satisfied with telework and inclined to continue teleworking or partially teleworking in the future. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that teleworkers with average daily working hours of ≥10 hours had a significantly higher risk of poor mental health compared to those with <10 hours. Teleworkers with an average annual income of 400,000-650,000 TWD and above 650,000 TWD had a significantly higher risk of eye strain, musculoskeletal pain, and poor mental health compared to those with less than 400,000 TWD. Teleworkers who could decide whether to telework had a significantly lower risk of eye strain and musculoskeletal pain compared to those whose telework was decided by their employers. Compared to general workers, teleworkers had higher rates of eye discomfort, musculoskeletal problems, and poor mental health. Multiple logistic regression also showed that teleworkers had significantly higher risks of eye strain, musculoskeletal pain, and poor mental health compared to general workers. Conclusion: This study found that working hours, annual income, and voluntariness of telework were factors that influenced the physical and mental health of teleworkers. Most teleworkers wish to continue fully teleworking or partially teleworking in the future. However, the study also found that teleworkers have significantly poorer physical and mental health compared to general workers. This research highlights the importance of paying more attention to teleworkers' health status as such a work pattern is gaining popularity.