在頭髮中使用化學同位素標記分析苯丙胺類物質和含氨基之非法藥物

Abstract

隨著全世界與非法藥物相關的事故與犯罪增加，法醫毒理學家監測藥物使用模式變得至關重要。在傳統的檢測方法中，尿液與血液的檢測區間較短，很難清楚地瞭解使用歷史。因此，頭髮的毒物分析已經成為調查使用時間序的一種流行方法。然而，相較於前兩者生物檢體，頭髮樣本中殘留的藥物含量較低，且不易檢測。因此，在本研究中，我們目的在於開發一種超靈敏的方法，利用化學衍生化來增加偵測靈敏度，同時利用化學同位素標記法（CIL）來將頭髮樣本中的安非他命類興奮劑（ATS）及其他含胺類非法藥物做定量分析。 在本篇研究中，我們利用真實的法醫檢體去針對頭髮的前處理步驟，如去污、分段以及粉碎化進行充分地評估。此外，我們也優化了頭髮萃取的方法。而針對化學衍生化效率，也在反應時間與反應溫度中進行最佳化實驗。樣本的分析使用了LC-MS/MS以及MRM模式。最終方法在準確度、精確度、線性、檢測最低檢測極限以及定量極限方面進行方法確效。我們將該方法與無化學衍生標記的方法進行比較，以評估化學衍生法的增強效益。該方法成功應用在法醫頭髮樣本以及商業的藥物頭髮檢體中。我們預期此結果可以有助於法醫毒物學在藥物使用的調查。

Illicit drug related accidents and crimes are surging worldwide and it is important for forensic toxicologist to monitor the drug usage patterns. Conventionally, detection windows of illicit drugs in urine and blood are short and hard to have clear picture of consuming history. Thus, hair analysis has become one of popular method to investigate the chronological drug usages. However, the drug remained in hair samples compared to biofluids is relatively low and not easy to detect. Therefore, in this study, we aim to develop an ultrasensitive method to monitor amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and other amine-containing drugs by applying dansylation and chemical isotope labeling approach (CIL) to increase detection sensitivity and quantification in hair specimens. The hair preparation procedures including decontamination, segmentation and pulverization were fully evaluated by examining authentic forensic hair. In addition, we optimize extraction method for hair sample. The labeling efficiency was carefully evaluated by examining reaction time and reaction temperature. LC-MS/MS with MRM mode will employe for analysis. The finalized method was further validated in terms of accuracy, precisions, linearity, LOD and LOQ. The validated method was compared with label-free methods to evaluate the enhancement factors by CIL approach. The method was successfully applied to the forensic hair specimens and commercial multidrug hair specimens. We anticipate that this work could benefit forensic toxicological investigation on drug usages.