以油棕櫚灰防治臺灣鋏蠓之實驗室評估與大安森林公園實務防治研究

Abstract

臺灣鋏蠓是臺灣最為常見的一種騷擾性昆蟲，最早在1913年被發現，時至今日已有超過100年的研究歷史。雖然與蚊子不同，牠們並不會傳播疾病，但是人類在被叮咬之後仍然會產生紅腫、癢等過敏反應，使被叮咬的對象不堪其擾。但由於至今仍未有完全有效的防治方式，因此臺灣鋏蠓的防治依舊是近代重要的環境衛生議題。本研究旨在建立環境友善的臺灣鋏蠓防治方式及資材開發，使用油棕櫚灰溶液對 (一) 臺灣鋏蠓幼蟲、(二) 臺灣鋏蠓幼蟲所攝食之小球藻生長 進行抑制。實驗室內的研究，測試了油棕櫚灰水溶液對臺灣鋏蠓幼蟲的生長，以及飼養時所使用的小球藻的生長之抑制。油棕櫚灰溶液鹼性的特性被用於影響臺灣鋏蠓和小球藻的生長。實驗室內的評估結果顯示油棕櫚灰溶液在1.0 % 濃度中的幼蟲有15 ± 15 % 的死亡率；10.0 % 濃度中的幼蟲則有50 ± 30 % 的死亡率。在重複暴露油棕櫚灰溶液後的死亡率，1.0 % 濃度油棕櫚灰溶液中的幼蟲有40 ± 25 % 的死亡率；10.0 % 濃度油棕櫚灰溶液中的幼蟲則有83 ± 7.2 % 的死亡率。小球藻懸浮培養實驗中的細胞密度從0.0 % 濃度的1.72×〖10〗^(6 )/ml，到10 % 濃度組別細胞密度則僅有3.00×〖10〗^(4 )/ml。固態基質培養中小球藻葉綠素濃度則以10 % 濃度組別的6.85 ng/ ml低於其他濃度組別。另外也於大安森林公園內進行監測，以每個點10分鐘為單位，對公園內共15個熱點進行腿部絲襪誘引監測。綜合監測數據結果，於2022年開始與大安森林公園之友基金會合作在公園內噴灑油棕櫚灰溶液，防治於公園內危害嚴重的臺灣鋏蠓。監測結果顯示，在特定地點有著極高的族群密度，於2022年6月時達到最高峰，在園區內密度可達20.95隻/10分鐘，在防治過後則是下降至4.07隻/10分鐘。臺灣鋏蠓的族群數量有顯著的受到控制，在野外族群密度的高峰期進行介入，使密度顯著降低，進而達成防治的效果。

Being one of the most commonly seen nuisance insects, Forcipomyia taiwana has been studied for over a century since it was discovered in 1913. F. taiwana didn’t transmit diseases like mosquitoes, but humans still suffer allergic reactions such as itching and swelling. However, there wasn’t a strategy that could control F. taiwana once and for all. The prevention against F. taiwana is still a vital issue in environmental health. This study aims on developing new materials and control strategy that are environmentally friendly. The inhibition of growth of two targets were chosen: 1. larvae of F. taiwana, 2. green algae (Chlorella sp.) with oil palm ashes. The high pH was considered influencing the growth of F. taiwana and green algae. The lab test showed that the death rate of F. taiwana were 15 ± 15 % in 1.0 % oil palm ash solution and 50 ± 30 % in 10.0 % oil palm ash solution. Death rate of F. taiwana larvae after repeated exposure oil palm ash solution was 40 ± 25 % in 1.0 % oil palm ash solution and 83 ± 7.2 % in 10.0 % oil palm ash solution. Results in the suspension culture of Chlorella sp. with the cell density of 1.72×〖10〗^(6 )/ml in 0 % oil palm ash solution to 3.00×〖10〗^(4 )/ml in 10.0 % oil palm ash solution. In the solid substrate culture of Chlorella sp., Chlorophyll a concentration of Chlorella sp. in 10.0 % oil palm ash solution were lower than other group with 6.85 ng/ ml. This study also had surveillances in Daan park. 15 spots were chosen to have 10-minute-surveillance each with bare legs. With the cooperation from the Friends of Daan Forest Park Foundation, oil palm ash solution was used in prevention to decrease the severe hazard of F. taiwana. The surveillances showed that the highest population of F. taiwana in 2022 was in June with the number of 20.95 adults appeared in 10 minutes and the population of F. taiwana was descend to 4.07 adults appeared in 10 minutes after prevention. The results showed that the intervention during the peak period could significantly decreasing the population of F. taiwana.