檢視共享機車的社會技術發展過程與商業安排

Abstract

當前國內共享機車主題的研究成果，尚無關注共享機車發展過程的綜述性研究及探討共享機車商業安排之文獻，形成當前該領域的研究缺口。本文分別借助創新研究中的轉型觀點，與政治經濟學中的平台技術概念，先檢視共享機車社會技術的演進過程，再以睿能創意為例，探討平台技術模式如何進入新興之共享機車行業。 研究發現，今日標準化的共享機車模式，是在長時間宣導、推動、以及多元行動者的對抗中逐步形塑而來，藉共享機車的發展經驗反思低碳運輸轉型，則可知運輸低碳轉型須歷經長時間演化，難以期待在短時間內、由個別行動者帶領破壞式創新。其次，藉由平台經濟模式發生在共享機車此一低碳運輸利基市場的例子，可知經濟帶動減碳的模式，使得資本主義的影響層面擴及到綠色轉型領域，吾人需留意經濟秩序壟斷擴大隱憂，卻同時不可否認此路徑避免了激進轉型帶來的經濟崩塌與社會動盪。

Current domestic literature on shared electric scooters lacks comprehensive reviews on their development process and articles exploring business arrangements for shared electric scooters, creating two research gaps in this field. This paper employs the transformation perspective from innovation studies and the platform technology concept from political economy to first examine the evolution of social technology in shared electric scooters. Using Gogoro as a case study, it explores how the platform technology model emerges in the emerging shared electric scooter industry. The study finds that the standardized shared electric scooter model today has been gradually shaped through prolonged advocacy, promotion, and the confrontation of various actors. Reflecting on the development experience of shared electric scooters and low-carbon transportation transformation, it is evident that expecting disruptive innovation by individual actors to achieve low-carbon transportation transformation in a short period is unrealistic. Furthermore, using the example of the platform economy model occurring in the niche market of low-carbon transportation, it shows that the economic model driving carbon reduction is providing the nutrients for expanding the influence of capitalism. While caution is needed regarding the hidden dangers of expanding economic order monopolies, it cannot be denied that this path avoids the economic collapse and social unrest that radical transformations might bring.