影響農業科技採用關鍵因素探討 ─以農、漁、牧為例

Abstract

聯合國預估全球約在2058年將達到100億人，這龐大人口數，要確保糧食供應穩定無缺，是個極具挑戰性的議題。聯合國農糧組織 (FAO) 及 (IAASTD) 都提出依全球人口的成長與糧食供應關係進行推估，至2050年全球農產業需要再提升70%的生產量，才能滿足人類的需求。可見提高農業產量一個現代急迫的國安問題。 依臺灣的農業特性，要面對未來的趨勢轉變，依據眾多研究證實，推動智慧農業是一個解方。經過國家智慧化農業政策的推動，但農產業採用創新科技的比率仍然偏低。以臺灣資通訊產業的進步程度，會出現這結果，究竟是業者推動不力，或是臺灣農產業結構特性所致？值得探討。 本研究以科技接受模式的理論模型，擬定研究架構，設立具體之研究目的並進行問卷調查以探索上述議題之答案，彙整資料後進行量化資訊分析。研究結果顯示： 臺灣智慧農業處於生產為主階段；教育訓練是推動智慧農業的關鍵要素；「政策補助」呈現不同觀點；「促進條件」構面與採用意圖呈顯著相關性；與國際研究結果並不相同；科技業者與農業從業人員的資訊認知有落差；「農業經驗資訊不外流」的選項，有異於全球農業大國；農糧類的農業科技產品使用率最低，水產養殖類最高。

The United Nations estimates that the global population will reach approximately 10 billion by 2058. Ensuring a stable food supply for such a large population is a highly challenging issue. Both the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) have projected that with the growth of the global population, agricultural production needs to increase by 70% by 2050 to meet human needs. This highlights the urgency of improving agricultural productivity as a contemporary national security issue. Given Taiwan's agricultural characteristics, addressing future trends requires the promotion of smart agriculture, as supported by numerous studies. Despite the advancement of the national smart agriculture policy, the adoption rate of innovative technologies in the agricultural sector remains low. Considering the progress of Taiwan's ICT industry, the reasons behind this outcome—whether due to insufficient promotion by stakeholders or the structural characteristics of Taiwan's agricultural industry—are worth exploring. This study uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theoretical framework to design the research structure, establish specific research objectives, and conduct a questionnaire survey to explore answers to the aforementioned issues. After collecting data, quantitative information analysis was performed. The results indicate that: Taiwan's smart agriculture is currently in the production-oriented phase;Education and training are key factors in promoting smart agriculture;Opinions on "policy subsidies" vary;The "facilitating conditions" dimension is significantly correlated with the intention to adopt;The findings differ from international research results;There is an information gap between technology providers and agricultural practitioners;The option of "agricultural experience information not being shared" differs from major agricultural countries worldwide;The usage rate of agricultural technology products is lowest in the agrifood sector and highest in aquaculture。