企業導入自然相關財務揭露TNFD的檢核與強化工具之研究

Abstract

本研究的核心目的是開發一套詳細的自然相關財務揭露(TNFD)檢核表，並結合多種強化工具，幫助企業更有效地識別、評估和管理自然相關風險與機會。研究背景源於全球生態危機和資源枯竭的現狀，企業對自然資本的依賴和影響日益受到重視。因為自然生態的枯竭，全球各界對於環保和永續發展的訴求越來越強烈，許多企業紛紛引入NbS或導入如SBTN、TNFD等方法論，試圖採取實際行動以回應這些訴求。然而，由於TNFD的框架應用於各行業別的適應性不同，導致企業在實際導入過程中面臨諸多困難。因此，本研究針對這一挑戰，開發了更具操作性的檢核表以及推薦強化工具。 本研究採用文獻回顧和案例分析法，首先通過文獻回顧確立TNFD檢核表的發展方向與目標，開發出一套詳細的TNFD檢核表，結合ENCORE、IBAT、Eco-DRR、WESR:RISK、Aqueduct、IUCN Red List和GBIF等工具，提供更為全面的自然資本管理方法。接著，將這套檢核表應用於一家模擬化學企業C公司，通過模擬數據分析其在企業治理、策略、風險管理及指標與目標中的應用效果。 在強化工具的彙整方面，ENCORE主要適用於與自然依賴及影響相關之項目；IBAT主要適用於與自然影響、法規、轉型風險相關之項目；Eco-DRR及其附加工具Opportunity Mapping Tool適用於與自然影響與機會相關之項目；WESR:RISK適用於與自然實體風險有關之項目；Aqueduct適用於與自然依賴、實體風險相關，尤其是水資源方面的項目；IUCN Red List與GBIF適用與自然生物多樣性的影響、轉型風險與機會相關之項目。 而研究結果顯示，通過導入TNFD檢核表，C公司能夠根據本檢核表完整描述其在與自然相關議題上的治理結構，透過設立企業永續委員會下轄永續發展小組以及風險管理委員會下轄的自然風險管理小組，董事會及管理層在自然相關議題上的參與度顯著提升，公司內部的跨部門協調機制也得到改善。策略上C公司根據本研究所推薦的強化工具ENCORE分析產業的依賴及影響、以IBAT分析公司地理位置與生物、生態的交集影響並以Aqueduct、Opportunity Mapping Tool、WESR:RISK分析可能的自然風險與機會，在報告書的撰寫上C公司也能夠依照本檢核表各項目完整描述公司在短、中、長期內制定的前瞻性自然相關策略，包括短期的節水措施、中期尋找生物原料替代及長期公司經營方向支持自然正成長倡議等。透過本檢核表推薦之強化工具，C公司在風險管理方面使用了Aqueduct更加準確地識別和管理自然相關風險，特別是在水資源和自然氣候變化風險方面，提高了公司的應對能力。最後設立並追蹤了一系列關鍵績效指標，如單位產品耗水量和再生水使用比例，並依照檢核表的建議將自然相關績效指標納入管理階層薪酬之依據項目以確保目標的實現。 由C公司的實際應用展示了本研究開發之TNFD檢核表在TNFD原有的框架下，更進一步對治理、策略規劃、風險管理及指標與目標進行項目細分的具體應用價值，也實際演示了企業在撰寫TNFD報告書時如何在各項目導入本研究推薦之強化工具，為企業在面對自然相關議題時提供了一個可操作且高效的管理方法。

This study aims to develop a detailed Taskforce on Nature-related Financial disclosures (TNFD) checklist, integrating various enhancement tools to help companies more effectively identify, assess, and manage nature-related risks and opportunities. The research background stems from the current global ecological crisis and resource depletion, where the dependence and impact of companies on natural capital are increasingly emphasized. Due to the depletion of natural ecosystems, there is a growing demand for environmental protection and sustainable development worldwide. Many companies are adopting Nature-based Solutions (NbS) or methodologies such as the Science-Based Targets for Nature (SBTN) and TNFD to take practical actions in response to these demands. However, the adaptability of the TNFD framework varies across industries, causing companies to face numerous challenges in the actual implementation process. Therefore, this study addresses this challenge by developing a more operational checklist and recommending enhancement tools. This research adopts a literature review and case study method. Firstly, the literature review establishes the development direction and goals of the TNFD checklist, developing a detailed TNFD checklist that combines tools such as ENCORE, IBAT, Eco-DRR, WESR:RISK, Aqueduct, IUCN Red List, and GBIF, providing a more comprehensive natural capital management approach. Then, this checklist is applied to a simulated chemical company, Company C, to analyze its application effects in corporate governance, strategy, risk management, and indicators and targets through simulated data. Regarding the consolidation of enhancement tools, ENCORE is mainly applicable to items related to natural dependence and impact; IBAT is mainly applicable to items related to natural impact, regulations, and transition risks; Eco-DRR and its additional tool, Opportunity Mapping Tool, are applicable to items related to natural impact and opportunities; WESR:RISK is applicable to items related to natural physical risks; Aqueduct is applicable to items related to natural dependence and physical risks, especially water resources; IUCN Red List and GBIF are applicable to items related to natural biodiversity impact, transition risks, and opportunities. The research results show that by introducing the TNFD checklist, Company C can comprehensively describe its governance structure on nature-related issues according to this checklist. By establishing a Sustainability Committee under the company's Board and a Nature Risk Management Subcommittee under the Risk Management Committee, the participation of the board and management in nature-related issues has significantly increased, and the internal cross-departmental coordination mechanism has also improved. Strategically, Company C uses ENCORE to analyze industry dependence and impact, IBAT to analyze the geographical and ecological intersection impacts, and Aqueduct, Opportunity Mapping Tool, and WESR:RISK to analyze potential natural risks and opportunities according to the recommended enhancement tools. In reporting, Company C can comprehensively describe the company's forward-looking nature-related strategies for the short, medium, and long term according to each item of this checklist, including short-term water-saving measures, mid-term search for biological raw material alternatives, and long-term support for natural positive growth initiatives. Using the recommended enhancement tools of this checklist, Company C accurately identifies and manages nature-related risks, particularly in water resources and climate change risks, improving the company's response capability. Finally, a series of key performance indicators were established and tracked, such as water consumption per unit product and the proportion of recycled water use, and nature-related performance indicators were included in the management's compensation criteria to ensure the achievement of goals. The practical application of Company C demonstrates the specific application value of the TNFD checklist developed in this study under the original TNFD framework, further subdividing projects in governance, strategic planning, risk management, and indicators and targets. It also practically demonstrates how companies can introduce the recommended enhancement tools of this study in each project when writing TNFD reports, providing a practical and efficient management approach for companies in addressing nature-related issues.