探討臺灣航太產業競爭力與營運策略－以漢翔為例

Abstract

綜觀台灣航太產業的發展，整體行業環境高度受到國際分工以及階層分工的特性影響，我國企業目前在國際供應鏈中主要擔任次系統供應商及零組件供應商等，經營的領域以零組件製造以及保養、維修與營運為大宗，主要訂單來自於國內政府以及更上階層的國際飛機製造大廠，隨著全球航太產業規模持續擴增，各國都卯足全力競食這塊市場，本研究透過鑽石模型理論分析台灣整體航太產業發展優勢，並透過漢翔公司做為個案研究對象，探討其各時期營運策略與競爭優勢，從而歸結出對於產業轉型升級的建議。我國航太產業的競爭力主要體現於具有專業人才與技術、佔據關鍵的地理位置、互補性的支援產業組成垂直策略聯盟以及政府的鼓勵政策與提供研發補助資源等，然而業內存在人力資源不足以及多數中小型供應商較難負擔種資本投資與取得國際客戶認證等風險。 本次的個案研究對象漢翔股份有限公司是台灣航太產業合作聯盟的核心企業，整體發展歷程可分為軍事研發期、國營轉型期以及民營多角化期，每個時期漢翔都透過執行不同的策略達成各階段性的目標，在經年累月的累積下，漢翔已從最初的專研軍機製造業務轉型培養了經營軍用與民用雙軌市場的能力，而面對全球越發激烈的競爭環境，漢翔透過一系列精實管理、數位轉型、以及發展多角化業務等改革來提升營運效率和降低成本，進而發揮其具有製造技術與經驗之領先、身為複合材料產業先進者、擁有多項客戶與特殊製程認證、具良好品牌價值以及擁有高度供應鏈倡議力等競爭優勢，也藉此帶領產業迎向提升價值的挑戰。

The development of Taiwan's aerospace industry is highly influenced by the characteristics of international division and hierarchical subcontracting. Currently, Taiwanese enterprises primarily serve as sub-system suppliers and component manufacturers in the global supply chain system. Their business domains majorly include components manufacturing as well as maintenance, repair, and overhaul （MRO） services. The main orders come from domestic government and higher-tier international aircraft manufacturers. As the scale of the global aerospace industry continues to expand, countries are competing for this market. This study analyzes the developmental advantages of Taiwan's aerospace industry through the Diamond Model theory, and explores the operational strategies and competitive advantages of Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation（AIDC）over different periods, in order to summarize the recommendations for the industry's restructuring and upgrading. The competitiveness of Taiwan's aerospace industry is mainly reflected in the availability of professional talents and technologies, the key geographical location, the vertical strategic alliances formed by complementary supporting industries, and government incentive policies and R&D subsidy resources, etc. However, there are risks in the industry such as insufficient human resources and difficulties for small and medium suppliers in affording capital investments and obtaining international customer certifications. Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation（AIDC）, the subject of this case study, is the core enterprise in Taiwan's aerospace industry alliance. Its overall development history could be divided into military R&D period, state-owned transformation period, and private diversification period. In each period, AIDC implemented different strategies to achieve phase-specific goals. Over the years, AIDC has transformed from focusing solely on military aircraft manufacturing to developing capabilities in both military and civilian markets. In the face of the increasingly competitive global environment, AIDC has improved its operational efficiency and reduced costs through a series of reforms, including lean production, digital transformation, and the development of diversified businesses. This has enabled AIDC to leverage its competitive advantages, such as leading manufacturing technology and experience, being a pioneer in the composite materials industry, possessing various customer and special process certifications, having good brand value, and possessing a high degree of advocacy in the supply chain. These approaches lead the industry towards embracing challenges of value enhancement.