為何選擇不做中國人？「香港人」的身分認同偏好

Abstract

香港主權回歸中國已超過25 年，但香港民眾視自己為「中國人」的單一認同比例，在2008 年後始終低於視自己為「香港人」的單一認同比例。及至2022年，18-29 歲港人對中國人身分的認同比例只有1997 年的四分之一。「五十年不變」的承諾已步入下半場，哪些因素導致香港人否定中國人身分？不同世代之間有無差異？對於否定中國人身分的香港民眾而言，中港關係出現轉變，他們會否願意做中國人？ 本研究以滾雪球法找到四十位香港民眾作為受訪者，以焦點團體訪談法共執行八組焦點小組訪談，探詢不同世代香港民眾如何在「香港人」與「中國人」兩種身分中進行認同選擇，進而·在情境導向的自我歸類理論之脈絡下，以身分不確定論分析回歸二十五年來香港人核心身分認同的轉變。 本研究主要發現有三：第一，香港人對中國人身分的否定，與個人的核心身分認同有關。最不接受中國人身分的，是自我定義為純粹香港人的香港民眾；廣義香港人能在一定程度上接受「中國人」身分；廣義中國人一直能夠接受中國人身分。第二，只有純粹香港人具有核心身分，廣義香港人和廣義中國人都處於身分不確定中，他們將「香港人」和「中國人」的身分視為客觀事實。廣義香港人有可能因情境轉變而增強中國人認同；廣義中國人不會因情境轉變而增強香港人認同。第三，香港回歸至今，香港民眾的認同轉變中，只出現了香港人認同減弱，從未出現中國人認同增強。

It has been over 25 years since Hong Kong's sovereignty was returned to China. Still, the proportion of Hong Kong people identifying themselves as “Chinese” has been lower than that of “Hongkonger” since 2008. By 2022, the proportion of Hong Kong people aged 18-29 identifying themselves as Chinese was only one-fourth of that in 1997. The promise of "50 years with no change" has entered its second half,what factors have led to Hong Kong people dis-identifying themselves as Chinese?Are there any differences among different age groups? For those who dis-identifying themselves as Chinese, will they be willing to be Chinese due to the change of circumstances in the China-Hong Kong relations? This study conducted eight focus group interviews (2 groups of “Hongkongers”, 3 groups of “Hongkonger in broad sense”, and 3 groups of “Chinese in broad sense”) to explore the identity preferences of Hong Kong people within different age groups by snowballing. With the framework of identity-uncertainty under the perspective of self-categorization theory, the study aims to realize the changes in the relative identity centrality of Hong Kong people over the past 25 years after the handover. There are three main findings in this study. Firstly, to the extent of Hong Kong people dis-identifying themselves as Chinese is related to their relative identity centrality. Secondly, only Hongkongers regard "Hongkonger" as their core identity.Most “Hongkonger in broad sense” and “Chinese in broad sense” do not consider themselves to have a relative identity centrality, and regard both “Hong Kong citizens”and “Chinese citizens” identities as objective facts. Thirdly, since the handover of Hong Kong, the change in Hong Kong people's identity has only resulted in aweakening of Hongkonger identity, never a strengthening of Chinese identity.