以空間優先策略改善公車壅塞瓶頸

Abstract

提升大眾運輸的使用，較為直接的方式為設置公車專用道與優先號誌，然在都市空間有限、號誌硬體成本較高之情況下，勢必得採用不變更號誌、充分使用有限土地面積之方法。另外，大眾運輸不須沿線擁有優先權，而是於瓶頸點能夠不受困於車陣即可有較佳之競爭力。而空間優先策略，強調透過在特定位置(如：臨近路口)附近合理分配道路空間，來為公車提供優先行駛權，即為符合前述條件之方法。 本研究聚焦於利用大數據有效偵測公車壅塞瓶頸點，搭配適配之空間優先策略(Spatial Based Method)，合理配置臨近路口處的道路斷面， 使公車有效提升行車效率。本研究目標如下：(1)建立一套可辨識公車瓶頸之系統化方法；(2)建構出可依據不同情境搭配不同公車瓶頸類型之公車友善對策；以及(3)設計合乎法規之交通工程設計。因此，本研究透過Google API所提供之大數據及田野量測蒐集公車軌跡及小客車/公車旅行時間等數據，相互對照確立公車壅塞瓶頸發生點。後續以國內現有交通規則規範為依據，設計符合主線連續性、順暢性之空間優先策略車道斷面。 模擬結果顯示，空間優先策略實施前後使公車在旅行時間、延誤時間、停等延誤時間方面有所降低，綜合評估下直行案例採用「右轉車道共用法型一」最為合適，公車旅行時間減少7.87秒(－11.41％)、右轉案例採用「公車專用道右轉展開法型三」，公車旅行時間減少39.18秒(－50.61％)、左轉案例採用「公車專用道左轉展開法型一」，公車旅行時間減少30.9秒(－23.93％)，而整體路網及其餘車種(汽車、機車)之指標變化率落在正負10％以內，表現出空間優先策略能在不影響整體路網效率之情況下，為公車帶來良好的行車效率。

To promote public transportation ridership, the simplest schemes are bus exclusive lands and transit signal priority, yet given the space constraints in urban areas and costly hardware, one have to seek methods resourcefully allocate spaces. This study focuses on effectively detecting bus congestion bottlenecks using big data and applying appropriate spatial based method to optimize road sections near intersections, thereby enhancing bus efficiency. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to establish a systematic method for identifying bus bottlenecks; (2) to develop bus-friendly measures tailored to different types of bus bottlenecks; and (3) to design traffic engineering solutions that comply with regulations and ensure traffic safety. Therefore, this study collects bus trajectory and travel time data for cars/buses through big data (Google API) and field measurements, cross-referencing these to identify bus congestion bottlenecks. Subsequently, based on existing domestic traffic regulations and international traffic design guidelines, spatial priority strategy road sections are designed to ensure continuity and smoothness of the mainline. Simulation results show that the implementation of spatial priority strategies reduces bus travel time, delay time, and stop delay time. For straight-through cases, the "Right-Turn Lane Sharing Type I" is the most suitable, reducing bus travel time by 7.87 seconds. For right-turn cases, the "Bus Lane Right-Turn Expansion Type III" reduces bus travel time by 39.18 seconds per kilometer, and for left-turn cases, the "Bus Lane Left-Turn Expansion Type I" reduces bus travel time by 30.9 seconds. The overall network and other vehicle types (cars, motorcycles) exhibit negligible indicator changes, demonstrating that spatial priority strategies can significantly improve bus efficiency without affecting overall network performance.