應用於量子計算之低溫微波電路及量測系統

Abstract

量子計算被視為是顛覆人類生活與科技的重要技術之一。除了核心的量子元件，其用於控制和讀取量子位元之傳統半導體積體電路也是量子計算系統發展中不可或缺的基石。本論文中，我們將探究射頻/微波技術在數個與量子計算相關的應用。 本論文的第一部分聚焦於設計並實現一應用於固態自旋量子位元讀取系統中之低溫互補式金屬氧化物半導體低雜訊放大器。此次設計提出之創新電路架構，有效緩解在傳統雜訊消除技術中各參數間之拮抗，實現了在增益、雜訊指數、頻寬和功耗方面的綜合性高性能指標。 論文的第二部分則著墨於低溫樣品測量系統之建立，開發、設計與測試樣品量測載板套件，並討論了多種低溫微波量測相關之應用與其所需之考量。為了在低溫環境中進行微波量測與校正，我們規劃並開發了與樣品載板套件相容之校正系統。作為校正系統中的重要元件之一，我們透過提出的系統化設計程序，並應用LC梯形低通濾波器理論，實現了一顆低溫寬頻單極四擲（SP4T）切換器。在將此固態切換器與校正量測載板整合後，我們驗證了此校正與量測系統之效能，並顯示其可有效提升在極低溫量測設備中之校正準確度，能為未來相關之量子元件提供更可靠的微波測量環境，加速量子計算領域之發展。

Quantum computing has recently become one of the most captivating keywords in the field of science and technology. In addition to the core quantum devices, control and readout circuitries developed based on conventional solid-state and electronic technologies are also indispensable cornerstones in system integration and scaling up. In this thesis, we explored and investigated the application of RF/microwave technologies in several quantum computing-related areas. The first part of this thesis focuses on a cryo-CMOS low-noise amplifier designed specifically for use in readout circuitries for solid-state spin qubit systems. A novel topology is proposed to alleviate the trade-offs in the noise-canceling technique, achieving a superior figure of merit in terms of gain, noise figure, bandwidth, and power consumption. In the establishment of a cryogenic measurement system based on a dilution fridge, a prototype of sample holder kits is presented. Various considerations regarding several different applications are discussed. For performing calibration in a cryogenic environment, we designed a calibration system integrated with the sample holder kits. A cryogenic broadband single-pole-four-throw (SP4T) switch is developed with a proposed systematic design procedure utilizing LC-ladder low-pass filter theory. The implemented calibration system, incorporating the solid-state switch, achieves enhanced calibration accuracy within cryogenic microwave measurements, paving the way for advanced research in quantum-computing-relevant microwave devices.