長刑期更生人社會復歸歷程－以復原力理論探討

Abstract

本文以質性研究之半結構式深度訪談法進行，並以復原力理論為核心視角，藉由長刑期更生人主觀論述與詮釋，探討監禁創傷經驗、社會復歸歷程及復原資本之間的互動關係，從違法公民走向守法公民之歷程歸納社會復歸的復原資本，最後以此為焦點提供個人、家庭、社區及國家政策之參考建議。 本研究共計訪談八位長刑期更生人，分析結果呈現「八位曾經歷長期監禁更生人之生命敘事」、「長刑期更生人所經歷之監禁創傷經驗」、「長刑期更生人之社會復歸歷程與經驗」以及「長刑期更生人社會復歸歷程保護因子與風險因子」。研究發現，監禁創傷經驗、復原資本及社會復歸階段三者的交互影響，將形塑長刑期更生人相異生命經驗，也是影響其能否成功社會復歸的關鍵要素。在入監前，其可能面臨物質使用、就業困難、家庭關係等挑戰，導致陷入犯罪循環。在監禁期間，其可能經歷各種生理、心理及社會層面的壓力，然而，社會復歸的過程卻也充滿機遇，長刑期更生人能夠藉復原力與復原資本的力量來面對監禁創傷經驗，進而發掘潛力並扭轉劣勢，重建生活、重拾家庭與社會關係，並實現成功復歸。

This study employs the semi-structured, in-depth interview method of qualitative research and adopts the resilience theory as its core perspective. It explores the dynamic relationship among the experiences of incarceration trauma, the process of social re-entry, and the recovery capital of long-term ex-prisoners, through their subjective discussions and interpretations. Furthermore, it summarizes the recovery capital necessary for social re-entry, tracing the transition from being law-breaking citizens to law-abiding ones. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for individuals, families, communities, and national policies. The study involved interviews with eight long-term ex-prisoners. The analysis revealed four main themes: the life narratives of these individuals, their experiences of incarceration trauma, the social re-entry process and experiences, and the protective and risk factors during social re-entry. It was observed that the interaction between prison trauma experiences, recovery capital, and the stage of social re-entry significantly influences the life experiences of long-term ex-prisoners and impacts their success in reintegrating into society. Before imprisonment, they often encounter challenges such as substance abuse, employment difficulties, and strained family relationships, which contribute to their involvement in criminal activities. While incarcerated, they undergo various physical, psychological, and social pressures. However, the process of social re-entry also presents opportunities. Long-term ex-prisoners can leverage resilience and recovery capital to confront their incarceration trauma, unlock their potential, overcome disadvantages, rebuild their lives, reconnect with family and social networks, and ultimately achieve successful re-entry.