免用樣板檔案的建築模型蘊含碳排放評估工具開發

Abstract

近年來對於建築物減碳的關注度和需求度不斷增加，減碳的第一步是對碳排放進行計算分析，BIM（Building Information Modeling）因其數據的集成性和可視性被廣汎應用於碳排計算中。目前國際主流的碳排放計算軟件因其自動化且迅速而被廣泛使用，但存在計算透明度低及碳排資料非本土化的缺點。同時台灣低碳建築聯盟（Low Carbon Building Alliance，以下簡稱LCBA）也開發了低蘊含碳建築評估系統(Low Embodied-Carbon Building Rating System，以下稱LEBR)進行蘊含碳排估算，它是一種以樓地板面積為基礎，結合其他重要參數的回歸公式，使用者只需要提供所需的資料參數，就可以獲得建築物蘊含碳排的計算結果。其優點在於通用性很強，在不依賴BIM模型的基礎下，就可以針對不同階段的建築專案都可以通過LEBR進行碳排估算。但因通用公式帶來的局限性也導致了它的精確度比起BIM模型碳排計算工具低。同時目前基於LCBA的蘊含碳排估算法衍生出的碳排估算工具，大多數都需要基於樣板檔進行模型建置才可以得到碳排估算結果。樣板檔的優勢在於，通過額外模型或參數建制，可以獲得更好的計算延伸性，不僅可以對建築物碳排進行計算，還可以對建築物的合理性，法規適用性等進行計算。但是對於已經建制完成的建築模型而言，樣板檔建制所帶來的額外工作也會導致使用的便利性降低。為了能夠增加使用者在BIM模型蘊含碳排估算方面的便利性，本研究以無樣板檔建置需求為目標開發建築模型蘊含碳排放計算與評估工具，旨在為用戶提供提高便利性以及更好的用戶體驗。不需要建制樣板檔基礎，可對模型進行直接估算，為蘊含碳排估算工具提供一種新的方法。為了確保適用的廣泛性，首先需要結合LCBA的碳排資料庫和其他文獻提取臺灣目前在用主流材料的碳排資訊，整合成為碳排計算工具材料資料庫，其次使用Dynamo製作外掛程式對BIM模型材料及各項參數進行自動提取，然後最重要的是通過Dynamo根據提取材料資訊和資料庫進行配對完成計算，因此本研究以建築物材料Family Type作為參考依據進行配對，再結合資料庫進行蘊含碳排計算，最後進行資料統整並且輸出到Excel中，并且提供視覺化提供設計者參考與分析。本研究在蘊含碳排計算工具開發方面做出以下貢獻：本研究開發之工具有助於碳排放估算數據向更加精確的方向發展，同時提出無樣板檔需求的概念，在使用者便利性方面做出有助於設計者通過建築物蘊含碳排資訊對建築物進行材料替換或者設計變更以達到減碳的目的，本研究激勵了建築行業採用更環保材料的實踐，推動可持續建築的發展。為政府提供了資料支援，促進出臺更科學的環保法規和政策。

In recent years, the attention and demand for carbon reduction in buildings have significantly increased. The first step in carbon reduction involves the calculation and analysis of carbon emissions, and Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been widely used for carbon calculations due to its data integration and visibility. While mainstream international carbon emission calculation software is popular for its automation and speed, it suffers from low calculation transparency and non-localized carbon data. In response, the Low Carbon Building Alliance (LCBA) in Taiwan developed the Low Embodied-Carbon Building Rating System (LEBR) to estimate embodied carbon emissions. LEBR is based on floor area and other important parameters using a regression formula, allowing users to obtain calculation results by providing the necessary data parameters. Its advantage lies in its strong versatility, as it can estimate carbon emissions for different stages of construction projects without relying on BIM models, although its accuracy is lower compared to BIM-based carbon calculation tools due to the limitations of the universal formula. Currently, most carbon estimation tools derived from LCBA’s embodied carbon estimation methods require template files to build models and obtain carbon estimation results. Template files offer the advantage of extended calculation capabilities through additional models or parameter settings, allowing for the calculation of building carbon emissions, rationality, and regulatory compliance. However, for already completed building models, the extra work of creating template files reduces usability. To enhance user convenience in estimating embodied carbon emissions using BIM models, this research aims to develop a tool for calculating and evaluating embodied carbon emissions in building models without the need for template files, providing better user convenience and experience. This new method allows for direct estimation of the model without building a template file. To ensure wide applicability, it is necessary to combine LCBA’s carbon data library with other literature to extract the carbon information of mainstream materials currently used in Taiwan, integrating them into a comprehensive material database for carbon calculation. Using Dynamo, a plug-in is created to automatically extract materials and various parameters from the BIM model. The most important step is using Dynamo to match the extracted material information with the database to complete the calculation. This research uses building material Family Types as a reference for matching, combining them with the database for embodied carbon calculations. The data is then compiled and exported to Excel, providing visual references and analysis for designers. This research makes significant contributions to the development of embodied carbon calculation tools: it enhances the precision of carbon emission estimates, introduces the concept of not needing template files, and improves user convenience by enabling designers to replace materials or make design changes based on the building’s embodied carbon information to achieve carbon reduction. It encourages the construction industry to adopt more environmentally friendly materials, promotes sustainable building practices, and provides data support for developing scientific environmental regulations and policies.