以新發展主義回應全球化：高鐵桃園車站特定區的空間變遷與開發模式之研究

Abstract

在全球化與資本積累影響下，台灣以鉅型計畫作為回應，高速鐵路與其特定區計畫是其中一例。本研究關注高鐵桃園車站特定區如何從開發停滯的困境中，轉變為炙手可熱的土地開發熱區；以及，交通基礎設施如何影響台灣晚近規劃的新都會區發展，而其發展與地景變遷又由哪些動力所形塑或推動。 本研究認為高鐵桃園車站特定區隱含了新發展主義（Neo-developmentalism）的城市建構特性；藉由國家資本的再投資、都市計畫的權力下放、土地管制鬆綁與容積獎勵措施等等；並營造現代性的城市意象，建立以土地開發來刺激資本積累的都會空間，更回應了台灣在資本積累迴路與都市化相關的理論中的特殊性。在研究方法上，本研究採半結構式訪談與檔案分析，訪談對象涵蓋高鐵桃園車站特定區的地方關係者與桃園市政府的公職人員，並梳理高鐵桃園車站特定區歷年都市計畫書來強化本研究之論述。 為契合研究案例的發展歷程，本研究研擬從基礎設施、規劃權力以及空間設計與文化形塑等面向進行討論，以分析此案例在土地開發的重要性。透過上述，本研究釐清中央到地方層級的政治經濟結構，並且說明規劃權力的移轉，也聚焦特定區的空間修補，分析其空間再生產現象。然而，這種土地開發的模式也產生土地掠奪與公私共同尋租等問題。本研究也反思此種資本積累手段在未來會面臨的問題與挑戰。

Under the influence of globalization and capital accumulation, Taiwan has responded with mega-projects, one of which is the high-speed rail and its associated special district plan. This study focuses on how the Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) Taoyuan Station special district transformed from a development stagnation predicament into a hotbed of land development; and how transportation infrastructure influences the development of newly planned metropolitan areas in Taiwan, as well as the forces shaping and driving their development and landscape changes. This research posits that the THSR Taoyuan Station special district embodies characteristics of neo-developmentalism in urban construction. By reinvesting state capital, decentralizing urban planning powers, relaxing land regulations, and implementing incentive measures, alongside creating a modern urban imagery, a metropolitan space is established that stimulates capital accumulation through land development. This case also addresses the specificities within theories related to the circuit of capital accumulation and urbanization in Taiwan. In terms of research methodology, this study employs semi-structured interviews and archival analysis. The interviewees include local stakeholders and public officials from the Taoyuan City Government. Additionally, the study reviews the urban planning documents of the THSR Taoyuan Station special district over the years to strengthen its discourse. To align with the development trajectory of the case study, this research plans to discuss from the perspectives of infrastructure, planning power, spatial design and cultural shaping, analyzing the significance of land development in this case. Through this approach, the study clarifies the political-economic structure from the central to local levels, explains the transfer of planning power, focuses on the spatial repair of the special district, and analyzes its spatial reproduction phenomena. However, this model of land development also raises issues such as land grabbing and public-private rent-seeking. This study also reflects on the future challenges and problems that such means of capital accumulation might face.