台灣民眾之環境態度與環境行為和其宗教信仰的關聯性實證研究

Abstract

長久以來，實證研究對於宗教信仰與民眾環境態度的關聯性已有許多著墨。然而過往研究多關注以猶太教-基督教倫理（Judeo-Christianity）為主流宗教信仰的國家，少有研究將信奉其他宗教信仰的國家作為研究範疇。除此之外，過往研究對於宗教信仰與民眾環境態度的關聯性並沒有一致的結論。有鑑於前述因素，本研究以擁有多元宗教文化的台灣為例，使用〈臺灣社會變遷基本調查計畫2020第八期第一次：環境組〉 的資料進行迴歸分析，試圖探索宗教信仰之於台灣民眾環境態度與環境行為之間的關聯性。研究結果發現宗教信仰會造成民眾在環境關懷、環境政策偏好與日常環境行為出現顯著差異。值得注意的是，前述的顯著差異僅與民眾是否擁有宗教信仰有關，並與民眾實際信奉的宗教無顯著關連。真正影響民眾環境態度與環境行為的是民眾參與宗教活動的次數。民眾越投入宗教活動，其就更可能表現出較強烈的環境態度與環境行為。總結而言，本研究不僅描繪了台灣宗教與民眾環境態度和環境行為的關連性，更發現了台灣民眾參與宗教活動的頻率將有助於提升其環境態度和環境行為。

The relationship between religion and environmental attitudes has been extensively debated. However, previous literature has led to mixed conclusions, and they mostly focus on Judeo-Christian countries. To address the research gap, this study utilizes data from the 2020 Taiwan Social Change Survey, trying to portray the religion-environment correlation in a country with diverse religions. Conducting regression analysis, this research investigates the correlation between religious beliefs and various environmental dimensions, including concern, risk perception, policy preference, daily behavior, and public engagement. The findings indicate that religious belief significantly influences environmental concerns, policy preferences, and daily behavior. However, differences among specific religious beliefs are insignificant, with religiosity—rather than the particular religion—playing a crucial role in shaping environmental attitudes. This study not only sheds light on the religion-environment correlation within an Asian context but also highlights the importance of religiosity in shaping individuals’ environmental attitudes and behaviors.