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標題: | 都市消防應變改善策略:基於路網分析及基礎設施最佳化之觀點 Urban Fire Response Enhancement: From the Perspective of Network Modeling and Infrastructure Optimization |
作者: | 黃昱瑋 YU-WEI HUANG |
指導教授: | 許聿廷 Yu-Ting Hsu |
關鍵字: | 消防應變,消防栓位置,狹小巷道,都市火災風險,雙層規劃模型, fire response,fire hydrant location,narrow alleys,urban fire risk,bi-level programming model, |
出版年 : | 2024 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 火災一直以來對都市地區造成了重大的財產損失和生命威脅。特別是在臺灣早期發展的城市中,往往存在混合土地利用、高人口密度和狹窄巷道等特點。在這些地區,一旦發生火災,消防車輛由於巷道狹窄而無法通行,從而延誤了救援時間。此外,消防栓的功能異常或佈設不足導致消防水源不足,進一步妨礙了消防行動,增加了火災風險。然而,現有研究很少使用系統性方法來評估消防栓供水服務和狹窄巷道的威脅。因此,本研究提出了一個綜合建模框架,同時考慮消防栓的部署和狹窄巷道的拓寬,旨在提供一整合之方法以提升臺灣地區的消防安全性。
本研究首先建立了一個基於道路的火災風險圖,將經過評估的建築物火災風險加總到道路上,並納入人口屬性資料,以估算出道路的火災風險值。接著,確定各個消防栓的覆蓋範圍,建立消防栓道路覆蓋矩陣。其後,將狹窄巷道分類至各拓寬選擇集,並計算每個選擇項目對消防旅行時間的改善效果。從而開發了一雙層規劃最佳化模型,捕捉消防栓位置和道路擴寬決策之間的相依關係,求取最佳之消防栓維運部署和狹窄巷道的拓寬計畫。 在案例分析中,本研究以臺北的舊城區為例進行了測試,以展示所發展模型的應用。其結果顯示,綜合考慮消防栓供水覆蓋範圍和網絡分析,能達到更顯著的消防應變時間縮減,並對於都市消防安全的改善提出更為整合性的觀點與管理意涵。 The occurrences of fires have consistently resulted in significant property losses and posed threats to lives in urban areas. This is particularly critical for the early development areas of Taiwan, commonly characterized by features that can lead to higher fire risk, such as mixed land use, high population density, and narrow alleys. These areas often experience challenges in firefighting operations due to the restricted access for fire vehicles through narrow alleys, leading to delays in rescue efforts. Additionally, malfunctioning or inadequate placement of fire hydrants results in insufficient fire water supply, further impeding firefighting efforts and increasing the deterioration of fires. However, existing research seldom employed systematic methodologies to assess the water supply services of fire hydrants and the risks associated with narrow alleys. Consequently, this study proposes a comprehensive modeling framework that considers both the deployment of fire hydrants and the widening of narrow alleys, with the goal of offering an integrated approach to enhance fire safety in Taiwan. The initial phase of this study entails establishing a roadway-based fire risk map, which amalgamates the assessed fire risks of buildings onto roadways and incorporates population characteristics to estimate the cumulative fire risk across the roadway network. Subsequently, the coverage of each fire hydrant is determined, and a matrix is constructed to represent the spatial distribution of fire hydrants along roadways. Narrow alleys are then categorized into distinct sets for potential widening, and the potential reduction in fire response time for each widening option is calculated. Finally, a bi-level programming optimization model is developed to determine the optimal deployment of fire hydrant maintenance and the widening plan of narrow alleys, where the interdependency between them is captured. In the case study, the old-town areas of Taipei, Taiwan, are selected to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed model. The findings underscore the effectiveness of concurrently considering fire hydrant coverage and network analysis in reducing fire response time. This integrated approach offers valuable insights for enhancing urban fire safety by addressing the critical aspects of fire hydrant placement and road network optimization. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/93064 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202400848 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 土木工程學系 |
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