再創高峰:化合物半導體晶圓代工公司之經營發展策略分析: 以穩懋半導體為例

Abstract

蘋果電腦公司在2007年發表第一部具備觸控功能的智慧型手機，就此開始智慧型手機以及攜帶型裝置蓬勃發展，無線通訊的需求大增，讓砷化鎵的射頻晶片使用量爆炸性成長，近幾年來，5G、雲端儲存以及高效能運算等新科技領域嶄露頭角，自動駕駛車的嶄新概念被提出來，健康議題讓各類型的生物感測器受到重視，新的科技伴隨著人的生活，無所不在，於是，除了矽晶片，化合物半導體的應用更是遍地開花，氮化鎵除了能夠做出發光二極體外，其耐高溫耐壓以及功率密度極高的特性更是高頻率基地台的重要角色，無線通訊的連結仍要透過長距離光纖，使得磷化銦的高速傳輸元件更為重要。另外生物感測涵蓋了臉部辨識，血氧心律等感測器的晶片需求被世人發現，無人自駕車的雷射光達大舉革命車用電子領域，化合物半導的市場邁入全新的領域。本研究以個案分析法，化合物半導體晶圓代工產業代表性公司「穩懋報導體」為例，探討其晶圓代工環境及產業關鍵因素、主要與次要競爭者、產品事業組合、公司層級策略、事業競爭策略。本文透過相關文獻與資料的蒐集與延伸討論，分析化合物半導體晶圓代工的產業現況、競爭態勢與未來趨勢，利用五力分析、BCG 矩陣等分析工具，得出以下結論，在砷化鎵射頻無線晶片穩定成長下，穩懋透過有機成長並搭配積極的多角化發展涵蓋化合物半導體的新機會，包含氮化鎵射頻領域、面射型雷射以及磷化銦的光電相關元件。穩懋亦向前布局上游的磊晶片自主能力，並且部分向後整合晶片測試與挑揀的製程，達到垂直整合。而明星產業面射型雷射則需要調整策略為廣泛的差異化服務，與競爭對手達到差異化，氮化鎵與磷化銦的事業則已經看到機會，待需求爆發，穩懋的技術能力已經完備，準備挑戰下一個成長高峰。

"Apple Computer Inc. introduced the first touchscreen smartphone in 2007, marking the beginning of the rapid development of smartphones and portable devices. The demand for wireless communication surged, leading to explosive growth in the use of gallium arsenide (GaAs) radio frequency (RF) chips. In recent years, emerging technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, and high-performance computing have gained prominence. Concepts like autonomous driving have revolutionized the automotive electronics field, and health-related issues have underscored the importance of various types of biosensors. New technologies have become ubiquitous in people’s lives, and their applications extend beyond silicon chips. Compound semiconductors have flourished, with gallium nitride (GaN) playing a crucial role not only in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but also due to its high-temperature resistance, high electric-field, and exceptionally high power density, making it essential for high-frequency base stations. Additionally, long-distance optical fibers remain crucial for wireless communication, emphasizing the significance of indium phosphide (InP) high-speed transmission components. Biological sensing encompasses various sensors, including facial recognition and blood oxygen monitoring. The LiDAR in autonomous vehicles has significantly transformed the automotive sector. The compound semiconductor market is raising. This study employs a case analysis approach, focusing on Win Semiconductors, a representative company in the compound semiconductor wafer foundry industry. We explore WIN Semi’s wafer foundry environment, key industry factors, primary and secondary competitors, product portfolio, corporate-level strategies, and business competitive strategies. By collecting and analyzing relevant literature and data, we assess the current state, competitive landscape, and future trends of compound semiconductor wafer foundry services. Utilizing tools such as Porter’s Five Forces analysis and the BCG matrix, we draw the following conclusions: Stable growth in GaAs RF Chips: Given the stable growth in GaAs RF wireless chips, WIN Semi leverages organic growth and proactive diversification to seize new opportunities in compound semiconductors. These opportunities include GaN RF applications, edge-emitting lasers, and optoelectronic components based on InP. Vertical Integration and Technological Competence: WIN Semi strategically positions itself upstream by enhancing its epitaxial wafer capabilities. Additionally, partial backward integration into chip testing and sorting processes achieves vertical integration. Differentiation Strategy for VCSELs: The star industry of VCSELs requires an adjustment in strategy to provide extensive differentiation services, aligning with competitors’ differentiation approaches. Anticipating Demand Surge: Opportunities in GaN and InP businesses are already visible, awaiting demand surges. WIN Semi’s technological capabilities are well-prepared to ride the next revenue wave."