新興精神活性物質及其代謝物鑑定

Abstract

毒品犯罪是萬國公罪，多數國家都有嚴格的法律防制毒品犯罪。創造全新的新興精神活性物質以規避既有法規限制，已成新的毒品犯罪模式，確認新型精神活性物質結構，找到其生物體代謝物，進一步從代謝物資訊篩檢出濫用族群，再將新興精神活性物質列入法規規範是圍堵此犯罪的方法。本研究之研究對象為3種以氣相層析質譜法分析，質譜與現有已知毒品皆不相符之粉末證物，經以液相層析軌道阱質譜法確認分子式，並以核磁共振光譜法取得氫譜、碳譜、關聯性磁振頻譜等圖譜確認完整分子結構，進而確認3項毒品分別為1-(4-氟苄基)-4-甲基哌嗪、N-丙基-1,2-二苯乙胺、4-氟-α-吡咯烷基苯異己酮，皆為前所未見的新興精神活性物質。後續以斑馬魚代謝模型模擬新興精神物質在人體代謝的路徑，以浸泡斑馬魚於三種新興精神活性物質水溶液的方式，取得這些新興精神活性物質的代謝物，觀察代謝物參考強度比值隨採樣時間變化趨勢，以液相層析軌道阱質譜法的二次質譜解析代謝物可能結構。最後將斑馬與產生的代謝物溶於人體尿液檢品，並以毒品尿液篩檢之標準作業方法分析這些代謝物，模擬3種新興精神活性物質人體尿液檢品於毒品尿液篩檢完整過程，找出3種新興精神活性物質於實務上最適合用於毒品尿液篩檢的指標代謝物。

Drug crime is a global public offense, and most countries have strict laws to prevent drug-related offenses. The creation of new psychoactive substances to circumvent existing regulations has become a new pattern in drug crimes. Confirming the structures of these new psychoactive substances, identifying their biological metabolites, screening for abusers based on metabolites information, and subsequently incorporating these substances into regulatory frameworks are methods employed to counteract this criminal trend. The study involves three powder samples that don’t match well known drugs in their mass spectrum. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the complete molecular structures of 1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-methylpiperazine, N-(1,2-diphenylethyl)propan-1-amine, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-onethe were determined, confirming them as new psychoactive substances which have never seen before. Subsequently, a zebrafish metabolism model was used to simulate the human metabolic behavior in response to the three novel psychoactive substances. Using this model, a variety of metabolites were generated, and the possible structures of these metabolites were analyzed. Following the standard operating procedures for drug urine screening, the metabolites were subjected to analysis to identify the most suitable indicative metabolites among the three new psychoactive substances for practical drug urine screening.