如何橋接社會安全及保險的最後一哩路？ 台北市政府推動微型保險政策的檢視

Abstract

2009年起台灣有了第一張以社經弱勢民眾為標的之微型保單獲准上市，但納保人少，迴響有限。2014年後，經政策增列地方政府可代理投保，多個縣市政府隨後開始推動，至2022年底前台北市累計承保微型保險人數居各縣市政府之首。本研究利用公私協力觀點，探討台北市政府如何推動微型保險，主要資料來自政策推動時不同利害關係人的深度訪談，包括北市府、保險公司、非營利組織、壽險公會、保險局、保發中心、金管會等相關機關成員，並將此與次級資料相互交叉驗證，企圖勾勒及分析出微型保險的公私協力地方治理樣貌。 本研究發現，微型保險需在中央主管機關、保險公司、台北市政府及保戶之間，形塑出可相互信任及支持的協作後，才能有效啟動、維持、解決困難及成長。其中，最關鍵者則還需有壽險公會扮演中介者角色。本研究嘗試提出一種整合性之協力治理架構，並分析該架構如何轉變，又如何逐步穩定。最後，本研究也試圖挖掘當前治理架構的侷限及未來可發展方向。 本研究進一步建議主管機關可「整合」各方之資訊與資源，並建立透明化的微型保險橋接資訊平台。此外，主管機關可鼓勵非保險公司捐贈保險費，並賦予社福團體主動推動微型保險的角色。同時，透過微型保險教育的推廣，使被保險人能夠克服數位落差，實踐自助投保的微型金融理念。本研究觀察到的現象提供了建立國家協力市場制度探索架構的重要參考，有助於促進地方政府微型保險的推廣，進而構建社會安全網。這些措施和架構可作為未來其他需要串聯府際及公私協力的相關政策推動的參考依據。

Taiwan witnessed the approval and subsequent market listing of the first microinsurance policy targeting socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in 2009. However, due to a limited number of policyholders, the response was constrained. In 2014, following policy adjustments allowing local governments to act as intermediaries for insurance enrollment, several county and city governments began active promotion. By the end of 2022, Taipei City accumulated the highest number of microinsurance policyholders among all local governments. This study, adopting a public-private collaboration perspective, explores how the Taipei City government promotes microinsurance. Primary data were derived from in-depth interviews with various stakeholders involved in policy implementation, including representatives from the Taipei City government, insurance company, non-profit organizations, the Life Insurance Association, the Insurance Bureau, Taiwan Insurance Institute, and the Financial Supervisory Commission. Cross-validation with secondary data was conducted to delineate and analyze the public-private collaborative local governance framework for microinsurance. The findings indicate that the effective initiation, maintenance, problem-solving, and growth of microinsurance necessitate the cultivation of mutual trust and support among central regulatory agencies, insurance companies, the Taipei City government, and policyholders. Crucially, the intermediary role of Life Insurance Association is identified as pivotal. This study attempts to propose an integrative collaborative governance framework and analyze its transformative and stabilizing processes. This study proposes further measures for regulatory authorities to "integrate" information and resources from various sources, fostering the establishment of a transparent microinsurance information platform. Additionally, regulatory bodies can incentivize non-insurance entities to contribute insurance premiums and empower social welfare organizations to actively promote microinsurance initiatives. Simultaneously, the promotion of microinsurance education is essential to empower insured individuals in overcoming digital disparities and embracing the self-service microfinance concept. The observed phenomena in this study provide valuable insights for the development of a national collaborative market system framework, facilitating the promotion of microinsurance by local governments and the construction of a social safety net. These measures and frameworks serve as crucial reference points for future policy initiatives requiring inter-agency coordination and public-private partnership.