博物館教育推廣永續實踐個案研究：以故宮南院2023國際博物館日活動為例

Abstract

國際博物館協會（ICOM）於2022年通過博物館新定義，因應社會與環境問題，明確提出博物館未來的發展方向，強調易近性、包容性、多樣性及永續性等理念，並反映博物館學界及其社群近二十年間邁進之目標與方向。本研究據此背景，希望探討國內博物館對永續發展（sustainable development, SD）議題的現況實踐與未來規劃，研究目的在了解目前國內博物館教育推廣實踐永續議題之策略與面向，首先藉由文件分析方法瞭解博物館因應永續發展議題所採取的行動，並進一步聚焦於博物館教育推廣活動對喚起公眾覺察及參與永續發展議題行動的影響。 本研究以研究者自身參與之「國立故宮博物院南部院區2023國際博物館日活動」作為研究個案，以質化研究取徑探討故宮南院在策劃國際博物館日的系列行動中，如何考慮永續發展議題與面向，及如何在提供給公眾的學習與體驗中，執行及融入永續發展議題。本研究首先藉由文獻回顧與內容分析，透過博物館網站、學術社群、出版品等各種資料來源，盤點蒐集國內外博物館針對永續發展議題曾辦理之各種展示及教育活動，並運用知識資訊傳播體系(Knowledge Information System) 之理論架構，彙整博物館永續行動之資料分析架構。接著透過文件分析方法，參照故宮南院機關政策、實際執行過程與活動成果等相關文件資料，對照博物館永續行動資料分析架構，分析博物館實際面臨問題、永續發展議題、觀眾及公眾行動之間的對應關係，據此討論故宮南院博物館日永續發展行動之成效，最後根據研究結果，歸納有效、可持續發展的教育推廣活動模式。 研究結果發現故宮南院博物館日永續主題之教育活動具有五項實踐策略核心，分別為：1.機關自主檢視永續作為；2.運用循環設計模式；3.跨域合作與增加參與機會；4.使用並推廣可持續資源及5.永續實踐與知識共創等策略。前述後三項皆呼應博物館落實參與式方法，從而產生參與公民，使教育活動具有向可持續轉型的先決條件，未來研究可積極納入公民科學於活動設計策略，致力於博物館與個人及社群之間的協力合作。

The International Council of Museums (ICOM) adopted a new definition of museums in 2022, which reflect the contemporary goals and directions of museums, and clearly proposes the future development direction of museums in response to social and environmental issues, emphasizing the concepts of accessibility, inclusiveness, diversity and sustainability. With this background, this study aims to explore how the domestic museums approach and practice sustainability. The objective of the study is to investigate the strategies and concerns of domestic museums’ education and promotion programs on sustainable development (SD) issues. It begins with literature and document analysis to understand the actions taken by the museums in response to the SD issue, and further fucuses on the examining how museums’ educational outreach activities motivate public awareness of and participation in sustainable development. This study adopted the case study method to analyze the series campaign and activities of the International Museum Day 2023 (IMD 2023) at the Southern Branch of the National Palace Museum (NPM South), in which the researcher herself participated. A qualitative approach is adopted to investigate how the NPM South has taken into consideration the sustainability issues and perspectives in planning the series of actions for IMD 2023, and how it has implemented and integrated the sustainability issues in the learning and experiences provided to the public. This study firstly collects various exhibitions and educational activities that have been organized by domestic and overseas museums in response to the sustainability issues through literature review and content analysis. And this study adopted the theoretical framework of the Knowledge Information System (KIS) to consolidate the data of museums’ sustainable actions through sources of information such as museum websites, academic communities and publications. And then, through the document analysis method, referencing the relevant documents including the institutional policies, the actual operation, and the outcomes of the programs, this study analyzed the corresponding relationship in light of the KIS framework between the actual problems faced by the museum, sustainability issues, and the actions taken by visitors. Based on which, the effectiveness of the museums’ sustainability actions on NPM South IMD2023 are discussed. Finally, an effective and sustainable model of educational outreach program was summarized on the basis of the research findings. The findings of the study revealed that the educational outreach program of NPM South IMD2023 have five core strategies of practice, namely 1. Organizational autonomy to review sustainability actions; 2. the use of a circular design model; 3. cross-disciplinary collaboration and increased participation opportunities; 4. the use and promotion of sustainable resources; and 5. sustainable practices and knowledge co-creation strategies. The last three items mentioned above echo the implementation of participatory museum approaches, which will lead to the emergence of engaged citizenry, a prerequisite for the sustainable transformation of educational outreach. Future research can actively incorporate citizen science into activity design strategies, fostering collaboration between museums, individuals, and communities.