微光燎原：「永續城市」下的螢火蟲自然史

Abstract

從1990年代以來，隨著自然保育意識及休閒觀光的興起，台灣社會掀起了一波螢火蟲熱潮，各地出現數以百計的賞螢景點和復育區。過程中，專家們漸漸發展出一套包含環境評估、人工培育、棲地營造、活動規劃的螢火蟲復育技術，甚至讓復育本身成了一種新興產業。近年來，最受矚目的案例莫過於台北市的都會公園復育計畫，規劃者成功在高度開發的城市中心讓螢火蟲重現微光。2018年起，台北市政府固定在每年的四、五月間舉辦螢火蟲季，讓無數市民用自己的雙眼驗收復育成果。放在傳統的自然保育敘事中，這或許只是另一個人類成功管理物種的故事，但本研究希望從「管理遭遇」的角度重新理解復育的涵義。透過遭遇作為分析切入點，可以更敏銳地察覺這組關係的暫時性和不可預測性，以及規劃者試圖穩定遭遇所面臨的一系列挑戰。此外，本研究借鑑晚近人文社會領域關於非人能動性的見解，將遭遇視為人與動物共同流變 (becoming) 的過程；再結合目前昆蟲學上的研究成果，嘗試跳脫以人類為中心的敘事慣例，朝向多物種民族誌的書寫實踐。從2021年至2023年的田野工作期間，我以台北市螢火蟲季為核心，以兩個觀光與復育的關鍵物種──水生的黃緣螢 (Aquatica ficta) 以及陸生的黑翅螢 (Abscondita cerata) 為軸線，追蹤牠們在野外棲地、人工養殖場、戶外復育區、政府會議室、網路平台等場所的移動路徑，並以參與觀察與訪談的方式，勾勒出人類、螢火蟲及其他物種之間相互纏繞的多重軌跡。藉此揭示那些看似自然的遭遇背後，實則是經過一系列的審慎編排，才讓螢火蟲發揮出捲動社會的強大魅力。

Since the 1990s, Taiwan has experienced a surge of interest in fireflies due to growing awareness of nature conservation and the popularity of ecotourism. This has resulted in the establishment of numerous firefly-watching sites and conservation areas across the island, totaling in the hundreds. Throughout this process, experts have developed firefly restoration techniques, including environmental assessment, artificial cultivation, habitat creation, and activity planning, turning restoration into a thriving industry. In recent years, the spotlight has focused on Taipei City''s Urban Park Restoration Project, successfully reintroducing fireflies to the highly urbanized city center. Since 2018, the Taipei City government has annually organized the Firefly Season in May and June, allowing citizens to witness the outcomes of conservation efforts. While this narrative may be seen as a success in human-managed species conservation within traditional nature conservation, this research aims to redefine conservation through "encounter management." By adopting encounters as an analytical point, there is increased sensitivity to the temporality and unpredictability in relationships, as well as the challenges planners face in stabilizing encounters. Drawing inspiration from recent insights on nonhuman agency, the study considers encounters as processes of co-becoming between humans and animals, attempting to move beyond anthropocentric narrative conventions toward multispecies ethnography. During the 2021-2023 fieldwork period, focusing on Taipei City''s Firefly Season, the study traces the trajectories of two key species crucial to tourism and conservation: the aquatic Aquatica ficta and the terrestrial Abscondita cerata. Their movements across natural habitats, breeding grounds, restoration areas, government meeting rooms, online platforms, and other locations are observed and interviewed, aiming to delineate intertwined trajectories among humans, fireflies, and other species. This approach reveals that behind seemingly natural encounters are meticulously orchestrated sequences enabling fireflies to unleash a potent charm capable of stirring society.