綜合型保護區核心區的效能及適當性：以陽明山國家公園生態保護區為例

Abstract

現今少有討論專注單一保護區經營管理效能評量的EoH的文獻，本研究的目的在描繪分析EoH評量陽明山國家公園磺嘴山及鹿角坑兩個生態保護區經營管理效能的過程與結果，並討論其對臺灣國家公園計畫的作用。本研究採質性研究中的文獻回顧、訪談及焦點團體 (參與式工作坊)，加上public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) 等方法，從2016年2月到2017年12月，以｢增進我們的襲產｣ (Enhancing our Heritage，簡稱EOH)，評量陽明山國家公園內磺嘴山及鹿角坑兩個生態保護區的經營管理效能，共進行60人次訪談，舉辦14次工作坊，累計共132人次/筆訪談紀錄。參與評量的人包括：曾或現正在園區內進行相關研究的學者專家、管理處各階層的員工、山友、軍營、志工、箭筍農、電台、里長等。EoH原始表單有12個工具組，田野執行合併性質類同的工具9 (tool 9) 與工具10，沒執行因基礎資料不足的工具11。結果發現，臺灣國家公園對比其他類型保護區，在人力、物力及財務機制上有占有優勢，但國家公園計畫未設定生態保護區的經營管理目標，有經營管理規劃邏輯連結不足的現象。權益關係人參與、及分區架構與工具，也有待加強。綜整林務局相關評量結果顯示，臺灣保護區普遍有外來入侵種、本土問題物種的壓力。本研究結果顯示，EOH能分析經營管理的優缺點，應對保護區現場的經營管理需求，且可提出補充的建議，更能對應經營管理規劃，將評量結果直接彙整入經營管理計畫。而其也能分析與釐清分區計畫、經營管理計畫或政策計畫的不足，是其他方法少見的功能。惟EOH的施行需要足夠的基礎資料的支持。

Where only a handful of EoH research discuss the management effectiveness in an individual protected area, this paper sets out to document and analyze the process and result of using EoH to asses the management effectiveness of two ecological protected areas in the Yangmingshan National Park in Taiwan and discuss how they affect the national park project. From Feb 2016 through Dec 2017, this study uses some of the methodologies of qualitative research i.e. literature review, interviews, and focus group (participatory evaluation), as well as public participation geographic information system (PPGIS), to evaluate the management effectiveness of Mt. Huangzui Ecological Protected Area and Lujiaokeng Ecological Protected Area in Yangmingshan by using the Enhancing our Heritage (EoH) Toolkit. A total of sixty one-on-one interviews and fourteen workshops were held, collecting a total of 132 interview records. The interviewees include : scholars and experts who have or are conducting relevant research in the park, employees of every rank at the national park office, hikers, military camp, volunteers, Oldham''s bamboo shoots farmers, radio station, and the neighborhood magistrate. There were twelve tool sets in the original list. The field research was conducted using tools of similar nature: Tool 9 and 10. Tool 11 was not used because of a lack of basic data. The result shows that Taiwan''s national parks have strengths in staffing, material and financial resources, when compared with other types of protected areas. However, neither management objectives nor a logical coherence between management and planning were in place. More efforts are needed in stakeholder participation and zoning framework and tools. An overview of Forestry Bureau''s evaluation shows Taiwan''s protected area is generally under the threat of alien species and problematic indigenous ones. The finding of this research shows that EoH can be applied to analyze the strength and weakness of management to make further suggestions in response to the management needs of the protected area. It can also facilitate management planning by incorporating the evaluation result to the management plan and analyze and clarify shortcomings in zoning planning, management planning, or policy planning. The latter is a function rarely seen in other methods. However, implementing EoH requires sufficient data support as a prerequisite.