中學生對地圖色彩之感受-以地形表現為例

Abstract

美學為近年人文社會科學的關鍵字，以學生為主體是國內目前教育的重要發展方向。教科書作為學生主要的學習資源，卻少有發聲之機會；地圖作為傳播空間知識的工具，本質包含藝術，但有關閱圖者的正向情感滿足與需求是並未受到充分重視，基於此本研究嘗試瞭解學生對地理教科書地圖之感受，並藉由研究之成果填補地圖傳播設計中有關閱圖者感受之缺口。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以地理教科書地形表現為例，利用顏色編輯器測試閱圖者對色彩之感受。研究結果顯示(1)整體色彩感受實驗中，近六成同學感到普通或是不佳，色彩鮮明是同學普遍對色彩的正向感受(2)色相實驗中，近七成同學對白色積雪感受為正向(3)明度與飽和度實驗中，色彩鮮明、繽紛、形底關係顯著的美國教科書較受青睞，日本教科書則因飽和度低、對比性低，感受度較差，德國與波蘭共構教科書因色彩漸層配色和諧令人有愉悅感受；約五成同學對ArcGIS軟體繪製的地圖理因色彩鮮明、高彩度以及閱讀習慣故感受度較佳，約四成同學對GMT(Generic Mapping Tools)軟體繪製的地圖卻有更多的正向感受。 本研究發現與建議(1)理論:從實驗結果發現，目前地理教科書在地形色彩感受設計上，仍停留在地圖傳播理論中的早期單向傳播階段，建議繪圖者可從色彩感受對閱圖者進行實驗與研究(2)現象:從實驗結果得知，同學期待能以更自然、和諧的色彩呈現地形，例如:繪圖者可以參考國外教科書、從大自然找尋靈感等，適時跳脫繪圖慣性以及不自覺掉入科學設計的框架(3)方法:質性之文字描述與量化之統計數據在本研究中看出彼此相輔相成，從文字描述中得知許多同學是因閱圖習慣故對地圖感受度較佳，而非全然對地圖有其正向感受，未來研究可採深度訪談，以得到使用者更完整的感受與想法。

The aesthetics have become key terms in the humanities and social sciences in recent years, with students as the main focus being an important development direction in domestic education. Textbooks, as the primary learning resources for students who often lack opportunities to express themselves; maps, as tools for disseminating spatial knowledge, inherently involve art, but the positive emotional satisfaction and needs of map readers have not been adequately emphasized. Based on this, this thesis attempts to understand students' perceptions of maps in geography textbooks and to fill the gap in the design of map dissemination concerning the feelings of map readers through the research findings.

This thesis used a questionnaire survey method, taking the representation of terrain in geography textbooks as an example, and using a color editor to test readers' perceptions of color. The research results showed that (1) in the overall color perception experiment, nearly sixty percent of students felt average or poor, with bright colors being generally positively perceived by students; (2) in the hue experiment, nearly seventy percent of students perceived white snow positively; (3) in the experiments on brightness and saturation, American textbooks with bright and vibrant colors and clear forms were favored, while Japanese textbooks had lower saturation and contrast, resulting in poorer perceptions. German and Polish co-constructed textbooks were perceived more positively due to their gradient color schemes. About fifty percent of students had better perceptions of maps drawn using ArcGIS software due to their bright colors, high saturation, and reading habits, while about forty percent had more positive perceptions of maps drawn using GMT (Generic Mapping Tools) software.

This study's findings and suggestions include (1) in theoretical part: from the experimental results, it was found that current geography textbooks are still in the early stage of one-way dissemination in terms of terrain color perception design, and it is suggested that mapmakers conduct experiments and research on color perception for map readers; (2) in phenomenal part: from the experimental results, it was found that students expect terrain to be presented in more natural and harmonious colors, for example, by referencing foreign textbooks or finding inspiration from nature, and by timely breaking away from habitual drawing and unconscious adherence to the framework of scientific design; (3) in methodical part: Qualitative textual descriptions and quantitative statistical data complement each other in this study, with textual descriptions revealing that many students have better map perceptions due to their reading habits rather than solely having positive perceptions of maps. Future research could adopt in-depth interviews to obtain more comprehensive feelings and thoughts from users.