國家發展策略、公民社會遺產與移民治理變遷：比較台灣、韓國的婚姻移民二代相關政策與論述

Abstract

本研究將婚姻移民子女的相關政策置於移民融入治理的一環，以公民社會遺產和國家發展策略作為理論分析框架，解釋了移民治理變遷的動態性：移民倡議策略與公民社會遺產的契合度、移民賦權需求與國家發展策略的契合度，是形構移民治理變遷兩股競合的拉鋸力量。研究主要分析台灣對婚姻移民子女相關政策制與論述變遷，並且輔以韓國經驗的分析作為參照。

在應用公民社會遺產的策略差異上：台灣移民倡議吸取族群政治公民社會遺產的養分，更有意識地組織以移民女性為主體的草根性團體，避免代言政治的盲點，促使婚姻移民的生命經歷成為倡議劇碼和訴求的核心：韓國的移民倡議特點是在人權運動公民社會遺產的基礎下，宗教團體成為提供社會服務和支持移民倡議的網絡。研究發現移民倡議者，將移民議題訴求轉化為與公民社會遺產契合的戰略，形成由下而上的多元文化主義論述。婚姻移民二代相關政策論述變遷，是移民倡議策略應用公民社會遺產與國家發展策略的競合結果。

此外，本研究發現國家接納移民訴求變遷，無法歸因於特定執政黨意識形態的分野，而是基於發展主義、隨地緣政治局勢擺盪的國家發展策略邏輯。在台灣，鼓舞新住民二代重拾對移民第一代母國語言及文化認同的工程，在馬英九政府時期對東協崛起的意識便開始萌芽、到了蔡英文政府時期隨著新南向政策的高舉而被強化：在韓國，對於世界化、全球化世界中位置的提升，一直是不同執政者動員移民人口文化多元論述以烘托、建構韓國國際化形象的主因。

This study situates the relevant policies and discussion concerning the second generation of marriage immigrants within the framework of immigrant integration governance, using Civic Legacy and national development strategy concepts to explain the dynamics of immigration governance changes. The study identifies two competing forces that shape immigration governance changes: the alignment between immigration advocacy strategies and Civic Legacy, and the alignment between immigration empowerment demands and national development strategy. The analysis primarily focuses on the policy formulation and discourse changes regarding the second generation of marriage immigrants in Taiwan, supplemented by analysis of the Korean experience. Regarding the application of civic legacy, Taiwan's immigrant advocacy draws on the nourishment of ethnic political civic legacy. It consciously organizes grassroots groups led by immigrant women as the main agents, avoiding the blind spots of proxy politics and making the life experiences of marriage immigrants the core of advocacy scripts and demands. In contrast, the distinctive feature of immigrant advocacy in Korea is that it builds upon the human rights movement's civic legacy, with religious groups serving as networks that provide social services and support for immigrant advocacy. This study finds that immigrant advocates transform immigration issues into strategies that align with civic legacy, forming a bottom-up discourse of multiculturalism. The changes in policy discourse related to second-generation marriage immigrants are the result of the competition between immigrant advocacy strategies applying civic legacy and national development strategies. Furthermore, this study finds that changes in a country's acceptance of immigrant demands cannot be attributed to ideological divides of specific ruling parties, but rather to the logic of development-oriented national development strategies influenced by geopolitical fluctuations. In Taiwan, the initiative to encourage 新二代 (new second generation) to reclaim their mother tongue and cultural identity began to emerge during the Ma Ying-jeou administration with the rising awareness of ASEAN, and it was further reinforced during the Tsai Ing-wen administration with the promotion of the New Southbound Policy. In Korea, the elevation of its position in a globalized world has consistently been the main factor driving different ruling parties to mobilize immigration population and multicultural discourse to enhance and construct Korea's international image.