影響餐廳業者採用產銷履歷農產品之因素探討

Abstract

近二、三十年因家庭結構改變、雙薪家庭崛起，隨著經濟發展，人民所得增加，使得民眾外食比例的驟增，進而帶動餐飲市場的蓬勃發展，但層出不窮的食安事件，讓消費者開始關心及要求餐廳食物品質及環境，對於餐廳所選用的食材安全與否，也漸漸被消費者所關注與重視。 政府為了讓消費者能吃得安全又安心，於2007年開始產銷履歷制度實行推廣，在生產端部分已慢慢有成效展現出來，但要如何的持續發展增加消費的需求，是政府相關的權責單位很重要的課題。外食比例的增高，該如何吸引餐廳業者採用產銷履歷的食材，以維護消費者安全及提高需求量，成為政府權責單位努力的目標。 本研究將以餐飲市場最集中地區，由桃園市開始往北地區五個縣市為調查基礎範圍，透過問卷的方式進行來探討餐廳業者對使用產銷履歷食材意願的調查，以供政府單位或生產端未來進行推廣活動時的一個參考依據。 經調查結果顯示，影響餐廳採用產銷履歷食材的主要原因為成本增加、貨源不穩定及貨源取得管道不暢通等原因。另外部分已使用產銷履歷食材的餐廳業者的各類別食材的用量占比皆低於20%，但食材總成本卻已提高5.5%左右，對比尚未使用的業者的願付成本增幅只有4%，這1.5%的成本差異，若無其他更吸引的誘因，餐廳業者使用意願是絕對受到影響的。本研究建議政府權責單位，應該更積極的帶頭做起並協助業者解決他們所面臨的問題。惟有餐飲市場蓬勃發展，需求持續擴大，供給方也才會有更多人投入生產，壯大生產經濟規模，讓國人食用產銷履歷產品成為一種習慣，如此才有達到政府當初推動產銷履歷制度的目的。

Since 20 – 30 years ago, there has been increase in the numbers of family with the double salary. With the higher disposable income, the publics are more likely to eat out, which uplifts the restaurant business. The public also starts to pay more attention to food safety when facing more and more hygiene-related incidents. Starting from 2007, the government implements and promotes Taiwan Good Agricultural Practice, including the product certification, so the publics would feel safe for the food consumed. It is both challenging & important for the government to influence consumer demand and, at the same time, encourage the restaurants to adopt the certified products. The data in this study was collected from the areas of densely-situated restaurants, including 5 cities north of Taoyuan City. The survey was done through the distribution of questionnaire to the restaurants and the result could be used by the government to design promotional initiatives. The study shows that the cost and the channel of the product directly impact the restaurants in sourcing through the authorized vendors. Some of the restaurants already encounter the cost increase by around 5.5% even though the certified goods used is less than 20% of the total amount. The restaurants, which have not used the certified products and can bear only 4% cost, are definitely unwilling to adopt such practice unless they are offered the incentives. The government can step in to solve the issues faced by the restaurants. If the demand continues to grow and the restaurant business thrives, the vendors will be more keen on investing in expanding production. The government will achieve the goal of widening the use of certification only when the public are accustomed to the certified food products.