羽鳥黃蚊在臺灣北部的分佈

Abstract

羽鳥黃蚊（Ochlerotatus hatorii）為昆蟲綱雙翅目蚊科黃蚊屬的蚊種，幼蟲以溪流石洞為棲地，分布於東亞國家。臺灣最早的羽鳥黃蚊採集紀錄，可追溯到1921年，Yamada hatorii在台北溪流石洞所採集並發表，並在韓國、日本皆在溪流石洞陸續有零星採集紀錄。自2015年起，在農田中的人工蓄水容器中也發現了羽鳥黃蚊孑孓，與文獻紀錄中所描述的自然溪流石洞棲地有差異。同時，在許多研究中顯示，在氣候變遷下，同為黃蚊屬的日本斑蚊日本亞種（Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus）有入侵北美與歐洲的趨勢。綜上所述，本論文希望能夠對現今羽鳥黃蚊的臺灣族群進行調查，了解其在台灣北部的分布狀況、棲地類型，並增加羽鳥黃蚊相關的影像紀錄與分子資料。自2015年起，每年夏季月（5到9月）進行臺灣北部羽鳥黃蚊幼蟲採集調查，並在2022與2023年，同步調查了原溪流石洞棲地與人工積水容器，發現在石碇坪林、貓空與基隆河流域，皆可採集到羽鳥黃蚊的孑孓。所採集之孑孓進行培養的同時，除了記錄各階段之蟲體影像，也會以分子方式雙重確認其物種。本研究中，羽鳥黃蚊的形態特徵及COI序列資料皆顯示，在石碇坪林、貓空與基隆河流域的溪流石洞與人工積水容器所採集之物種皆確定為羽鳥黃蚊。在環境改變下，羽鳥黃蚊的族群分布調查，將能提供更多臺灣的物種資訊，並了解其棲地選擇增加之可能因素。

Ochlerotatus hatorii, a mosquito species that habitats in rock pools along streams, often been collected with Ochlerotatus japonicus, and were originally distributed only around streams at Shidins, Taiwan. However, since 2015, we discovered new collection records of habitat type: the artificial containers in tea and vegetable plantations. Collections were recorded in neighboring district, Pinling in past few years, with a steady population in water containers at a plantation mix planting tea and vegetables. Therefore, we wanted to know that, since Oc. japonicus, also a rock-pool-habitat species, was observed a world-wide expansion due to climate change, whether a similar expanding trend occurred on Oc. hatorii. To investigate the current status, we started larvae sampling in habitats of the originally-recorded rock pools and new-discovered agricultural-used artificial containers in areas around Taipei City, New Taipei City and Keelong City, in order to draw a distribution map of Northern Taiwan. Our sampling results showed that in New Taipei City, at Shidin District, Oc. hatorii larvae can still be found in rock pools along streams. Also, larvae can be collected in artificial containers in plantations. In Pinling District, larvae can still be collected from the plantation where we first found the artificial-container-habitat larvae. As the investigation area extend to surrounding areas, we also found that in Wenshan District, Taipei City, larvae can be collected from pothole-like rock pools. Therefore, rock pools of pothole landform have also be under consideration. In pothole landform areas from Qidu District, Keelong City, and Rueifang District, New Taipei City, populations of Oc. hatorii larvae were recorded. Our investigation results showed that, Oc. hatorii populations tend to expand the distribution and water-body-source usage, which may indicate the expansion of this species is happening, and it may cause by environmental variation due to climate and land use changes.